done MAT-204 and MAT-205

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/MAT-204 - 00020 - Thanawin Pattanaphol.ipynb

@@ -1,26 +1,47 @@
 {
  "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# MAT-204:00020 - Introduction to Probability"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Import"
+   ]
+  },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 8,
+   "execution_count": 26,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "import pandas as pd\n",
-    "# read file\n",
+    "# Read the .csv file\n",
     "Dat = pd.read_csv(\"DataLoL.csv\")"
    ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 9,
+   "execution_count": 27,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
-    "# Total Game played\n",
+    "# Total amount of game played\n",
     "total_game = len(Dat['blueWins']) "
    ]
   },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Questions"
+   ]
+  },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
    "metadata": {},
@@ -30,35 +51,36 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 10,
+   "execution_count": 28,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
      "name": "stdout",
      "output_type": "stream",
      "text": [
-      "Probability of team blue destroyed more structure than team red, if team blue won (using Dat) is  0.06795131845841784\n",
+      "Probability of blue team destroying more structures than the red team AND if blue team won (via Dat):  0.06795131845841784\n",
-      "Probability of team blue destroyed more structure than team red, if team blue won (using dat_blue_wins) is 0.06795131845841786\n"
+      "Probability of blue team destroying more structures than red team, if blue team won (vat dat_blue_wins):  0.06795131845841786\n"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "# calculate probability using Dat\n",
+    "# Probability using the Dat dataset\n",
     "prob_blue_wins_more_structure = len(Dat[(Dat['blueWins'] == 1) & (Dat['blueTowersDestroyed'] > Dat['redTowersDestroyed'])]) / len(Dat) # P(A ∩ B)\n",
     "prob_blue_wins = len(Dat[Dat['blueWins'] == 1]) / total_game #P(A)\n",
     "\n",
-    "print(\"Probability of team blue destroyed more structure than team red, if team blue won (using Dat) is \", prob_blue_wins_more_structure / prob_blue_wins)\n",
+    "print(\"Probability of blue team destroying more structures than the red team AND if blue team won (via Dat): \", prob_blue_wins_more_structure / prob_blue_wins)\n",
     "\n",
-    "# calculate probability using dat_blue_wins\n",
+    "# Probability using dat_blue_wins\n",
-    "# filter game team blue wins\n",
+    "# Filter the dataset to only the records where the blue team won.\n",
     "dat_blue_wins = Dat[Dat['blueWins'] == 1]\n",
     "\n",
-    "# filter game team blue win and destroyed more strcuture\n",
+    "# Filter the dataset to the records where the blue team won and destroyed more structured. \n",
-    "dat_blue_wins_more_structure = dat_blue_wins[dat_blue_wins['blueTowersDestroyed'] > dat_blue_wins['redTowersDestroyed']] # (A ∩ B)\n",
+    " # Essentially calculating the intersection of A & B or (A ∩ B)\n",
+    "dat_blue_wins_more_structure = dat_blue_wins[dat_blue_wins['blueTowersDestroyed'] > dat_blue_wins['redTowersDestroyed']]\n",
     "\n",
-    "#Verify using dat_blue_wins\n",
+    "# Verify the result using the dat_blue_wins set. \n",
     "prob_blue_wins_more_structure = len(dat_blue_wins_more_structure) / len(dat_blue_wins) # P(B|A) = P(A ∩ B) / P(A)\n",
-    "print(\"Probability of team blue destroyed more structure than team red, if team blue won (using dat_blue_wins) is\", prob_blue_wins_more_structure)\n",
+    "print(\"Probability of blue team destroying more structures than red team, if blue team won (vat dat_blue_wins): \", prob_blue_wins_more_structure)\n",
     "\n"
    ]
   },
@@ -71,37 +93,37 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 11,
+   "execution_count": 29,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
      "name": "stdout",
      "output_type": "stream",
      "text": [
-      "Probability of team blue wins, kills the dragon, kills the heralds and does the first kill is (Using chain rule) 0.037858082801903024\n",
+      "[Chain Rule] Probability of blue team wins, kills the dragon, kills the heralds and does first kill: 0.037858082801903024\n",
-      "Probability of team blue wins, kills the dragon, kills the heralds and does the first kill is (Using new dat set) 0.037858082801903024\n"
+      "[Dat set] Probability of blue team wins, kills the dragon, kills the heralds and does first kill: 0.037858082801903024\n"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "# calcucate probability team blue wins\n",
+    "# Probability that the blue team wins\n",
     "dat_blue_wins = Dat[Dat['blueWins'] == 1]\n",
     "prob_blue_win = len(dat_blue_wins) / total_game\n",
     "\n",
-    "# calculate probability team blue wins, kills the dragon\n",
+    "# Probability that blue team wins and also kills the dragon\n",
     "dat_blue_wins_and_kills_dragons = dat_blue_wins[dat_blue_wins['blueDragons'] == 1]\n",
     "prob_blue_wins_and_kills_dragons = len(dat_blue_wins_and_kills_dragons) / len(dat_blue_wins) * prob_blue_win\n",
     "\n",
-    "# calculate probability team blue wins, kills the dragon, kills the heralds\n",
+    "# Probability that blue team wins, kills the dragon and kills the heralds. \n",
     "dat_blue_wins_and_kills_dragons_and_heralds = dat_blue_wins_and_kills_dragons[dat_blue_wins_and_kills_dragons['blueHeralds'] == 1]\n",
     "prob_blue_wins_and_kills_dragons_and_heralds = len(dat_blue_wins_and_kills_dragons_and_heralds) / len(dat_blue_wins_and_kills_dragons) * prob_blue_wins_and_kills_dragons\n",
     "\n",
-    "# calculate probability team blue wins, kills the dragon, kills the heralds and does the first kill\n",
+    "# Probability that blue team wins, kills the dragon, kills the heralds and does first kill\n",
     "dat_blue_wins_and_kills_dragons_and_heralds_and_firstblood = dat_blue_wins_and_kills_dragons_and_heralds[dat_blue_wins_and_kills_dragons_and_heralds['blueFirstBlood'] == 1]\n",
     "prob_blue_wins_and_kills_dragons_and_heralds_and_firstblood = len(dat_blue_wins_and_kills_dragons_and_heralds_and_firstblood) / len(dat_blue_wins_and_kills_dragons_and_heralds) * prob_blue_wins_and_kills_dragons_and_heralds\n",
     "\n",
-    "print(\"Probability of team blue wins, kills the dragon, kills the heralds and does the first kill is (Using chain rule)\", prob_blue_wins_and_kills_dragons_and_heralds_and_firstblood)\n",
+    "print(\"[Chain Rule] Probability of blue team wins, kills the dragon, kills the heralds and does first kill:\", prob_blue_wins_and_kills_dragons_and_heralds_and_firstblood)\n",
-    "print(\"Probability of team blue wins, kills the dragon, kills the heralds and does the first kill is (Using new dat set)\", len(dat_blue_wins_and_kills_dragons_and_heralds_and_firstblood) / total_game)\n"
+    "print(\"[Dat set] Probability of blue team wins, kills the dragon, kills the heralds and does first kill:\", len(dat_blue_wins_and_kills_dragons_and_heralds_and_firstblood) / total_game)\n"
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -113,55 +135,54 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 12,
+   "execution_count": 30,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
-    "Dat['blueQuantileGold'] = pd.qcut(Dat['blueTotalGold'], 4, labels=False)"
+    "# Divide the dataset Dat['blueTotalGold'] into four quantiles. \n",
+    "Dat['blueQuantileGold'] = pd.qcut(Dat['blueTotalGold'], 4, labels=False) \n"
    ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 13,
+   "execution_count": 31,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
      "name": "stdout",
      "output_type": "stream",
      "text": [
-      "P(A) calculated using Law of Total Probability =  0.4990383642069036\n",
+      "[Law of Total Probability] P(A) calculated: 0.4990383642069036\n",
-      "P(A) is 0.4990383642069035\n"
+      "[Event / Sample Space] P(A): 0.4990383642069035\n"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "# filter data to each quantiles\n",
+    "# Declare each variable for each quantiles \n",
     "dat_quantile_1 = Dat[Dat['blueQuantileGold'] == 0]\n",
     "dat_quantile_2 = Dat[Dat['blueQuantileGold'] == 1]\n",
     "dat_quantile_3 = Dat[Dat['blueQuantileGold'] == 2]\n",
     "dat_quantile_4 = Dat[Dat['blueQuantileGold'] == 3]\n",
     "\n",
-    "# calculate a proportion of game in each quantiles\n",
+    "# Proportion of the games in each quantiles\n",
     "quantile_1_prob = len(dat_quantile_1) / total_game\n",
     "quantile_2_prob = len(dat_quantile_2) / total_game\n",
     "quantile_3_prob = len(dat_quantile_3) / total_game\n",
     "quantile_4_prob = len(dat_quantile_4) / total_game\n",
     "\n",
-    "# calculate team blue win rate in each quantiles\n",
+    "# Rate that blue team wins for each quantiles\n",
     "quantile_1_win_rate = len(dat_quantile_1[dat_quantile_1['blueWins'] == 1]) / len(dat_quantile_1)\n",
     "quantile_2_win_rate = len(dat_quantile_2[dat_quantile_2['blueWins'] == 1]) / len(dat_quantile_2)\n",
     "quantile_3_win_rate = len(dat_quantile_3[dat_quantile_3['blueWins'] == 1]) / len(dat_quantile_3)\n",
     "quantile_4_win_rate = len(dat_quantile_4[dat_quantile_4['blueWins'] == 1]) / len(dat_quantile_4)\n",
     "\n",
-    "#calculate probability team blue wins using law of total probability\n",
+    "# Probability blue team wins via the Law of total probability\n",
     "prob_a = (quantile_1_prob * quantile_1_win_rate) + (quantile_2_prob * quantile_2_win_rate) + (quantile_3_prob * quantile_3_win_rate) + (quantile_4_prob * quantile_4_win_rate)\n",
-    "print(\"P(A) calculated using Law of Total Probability = \", prob_a)\n",
+    "print(\"[Law of Total Probability] P(A) calculated:\", prob_a)\n",
     "\n",
-    "#Verify\n",
+    "# Verify the result using the probability calculated via event / sample space. \n",
-    "prob_blue_wins = len(Dat[Dat['blueWins'] == 1]) / total_game # calculate probability (event/sample space)\n",
+    "prob_blue_wins = len(Dat[Dat['blueWins'] == 1]) / total_game\n",
-    "print(\"P(A) is\", prob_blue_wins)\n",
+    "print(\"[Event / Sample Space] P(A):\", prob_blue_wins)"
-    "\n",
-    "\n"
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -173,48 +194,46 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 14,
+   "execution_count": 32,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
      "name": "stdout",
      "output_type": "stream",
      "text": [
-      "Probability of team blue wins given that it destroyed more structure than team red (using Bayes's theorem) is  0.7596371882086167\n",
+      "[Bayes's Theorem] Probability of blue team wins given that it destroys more structures than the red team: 0.7596371882086167\n",
-      "Probability of team blue wins given that it destroyed more structure than team red (using Dat) is  0.7596371882086167\n"
+      "[P(A|B) using Dat] Probability of blue team winning given that it destroys more structures than the red team: 0.7596371882086167\n"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "# calculate probability used in Bayes's theorem\n",
+    "# Probability via Bayes's Theorem\n",
     "\n",
-    "# P(A)\n",
+    "# P(A) or the Probability that blue team wins.\n",
     "prob_blue_wins = len(Dat[Dat['blueWins'] == 1]) / total_game\n",
     "\n",
-    "# P(B)\n",
+    "# P(B) or the Probability that blue team destroys more structures than the red team. \n",
     "prob_blue_more_structure = len(Dat[Dat['blueTowersDestroyed'] > Dat['redTowersDestroyed']]) / total_game\n",
     "\n",
-    "# P(A ∩ B)\n",
+    "# P(A ∩ B) or the Probability that blue team wins and also destroys more structures than the red team. \n",
     "dat_blue_more_structure = Dat[Dat['blueTowersDestroyed'] > Dat['redTowersDestroyed']]\n",
     "prob_blue_wins_more_structure = len(dat_blue_more_structure[dat_blue_more_structure['blueWins'] == 1]) / total_game\n",
     "\n",
     "# P(B|A)\n",
     "prob_blue_more_structure_if_blue_wins = prob_blue_wins_more_structure / prob_blue_wins\n",
     "\n",
-    "# calculate P(A|B) using Bayes's theorem\n",
+    "# P(A|B) using Bayes's theorem\n",
-    "print(\"Probability of team blue wins given that it destroyed more structure than team red (using Bayes's theorem) is \", prob_blue_more_structure_if_blue_wins * prob_blue_wins / prob_blue_more_structure)\n",
+    "print(\"[Bayes's Theorem] Probability of blue team wins given that it destroys more structures than the red team:\", prob_blue_more_structure_if_blue_wins * prob_blue_wins / prob_blue_more_structure)\n",
     "\n",
-    "\n",
+    "# Verify using the Dat dataset\n",
-    "#Verify using Dat\n",
+    "# P(A ∩ B) (same events as above)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# P(A ∩ B)\n",
     "prob_blue_wins_more_structure = len(Dat[(Dat['blueWins'] == 1) & (Dat['blueTowersDestroyed'] > Dat['redTowersDestroyed'])]) / total_game \n",
     "\n",
-    "# P(B)\n",
+    "# P(B) (same events as above)\n",
     "prob_blue_more_structure = len(Dat[Dat['blueTowersDestroyed'] > Dat['redTowersDestroyed']]) / total_game\n",
     "\n",
     "# calculate P(A|B) using Dat\n",
-    "print(\"Probability of team blue wins given that it destroyed more structure than team red (using Dat) is \", prob_blue_wins_more_structure / prob_blue_more_structure)\n",
+    "print(\"[P(A|B) using Dat] Probability of blue team winning given that it destroys more structures than the red team:\", prob_blue_wins_more_structure / prob_blue_more_structure)\n",
     "\n",
     "\n"
    ]
@@ -222,7 +241,7 @@
  ],
  "metadata": {
   "kernelspec": {
-   "display_name": "Python 3",
+   "display_name": "env",
    "language": "python",
    "name": "python3"
   },
@@ -236,7 +255,7 @@
    "name": "python",
    "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
    "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
-   "version": "3.12.6"
+   "version": "3.12.7"
   }
  },
  "nbformat": 4,

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/Activate.ps1

@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+<#
+.Synopsis
+Activate a Python virtual environment for the current PowerShell session.
+
+.Description
+Pushes the python executable for a virtual environment to the front of the
+$Env:PATH environment variable and sets the prompt to signify that you are
+in a Python virtual environment. Makes use of the command line switches as
+well as the `pyvenv.cfg` file values present in the virtual environment.
+
+.Parameter VenvDir
+Path to the directory that contains the virtual environment to activate. The
+default value for this is the parent of the directory that the Activate.ps1
+script is located within.
+
+.Parameter Prompt
+The prompt prefix to display when this virtual environment is activated. By
+default, this prompt is the name of the virtual environment folder (VenvDir)
+surrounded by parentheses and followed by a single space (ie. '(.venv) ').
+
+.Example
+Activate.ps1
+Activates the Python virtual environment that contains the Activate.ps1 script.
+
+.Example
+Activate.ps1 -Verbose
+Activates the Python virtual environment that contains the Activate.ps1 script,
+and shows extra information about the activation as it executes.
+
+.Example
+Activate.ps1 -VenvDir C:\Users\MyUser\Common\.venv
+Activates the Python virtual environment located in the specified location.
+
+.Example
+Activate.ps1 -Prompt "MyPython"
+Activates the Python virtual environment that contains the Activate.ps1 script,
+and prefixes the current prompt with the specified string (surrounded in
+parentheses) while the virtual environment is active.
+
+.Notes
+On Windows, it may be required to enable this Activate.ps1 script by setting the
+execution policy for the user. You can do this by issuing the following PowerShell
+command:
+
+PS C:\> Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser
+
+For more information on Execution Policies: 
+https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=135170
+
+#>
+Param(
+    [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
+    [String]
+    $VenvDir,
+    [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
+    [String]
+    $Prompt
+)
+
+<# Function declarations --------------------------------------------------- #>
+
+<#
+.Synopsis
+Remove all shell session elements added by the Activate script, including the
+addition of the virtual environment's Python executable from the beginning of
+the PATH variable.
+
+.Parameter NonDestructive
+If present, do not remove this function from the global namespace for the
+session.
+
+#>
+function global:deactivate ([switch]$NonDestructive) {
+    # Revert to original values
+
+    # The prior prompt:
+    if (Test-Path -Path Function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT) {
+        Copy-Item -Path Function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT -Destination Function:prompt
+        Remove-Item -Path Function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT
+    }
+
+    # The prior PYTHONHOME:
+    if (Test-Path -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME) {
+        Copy-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME -Destination Env:PYTHONHOME
+        Remove-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+    }
+
+    # The prior PATH:
+    if (Test-Path -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH) {
+        Copy-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH -Destination Env:PATH
+        Remove-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+    }
+
+    # Just remove the VIRTUAL_ENV altogether:
+    if (Test-Path -Path Env:VIRTUAL_ENV) {
+        Remove-Item -Path env:VIRTUAL_ENV
+    }
+
+    # Just remove VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT altogether.
+    if (Test-Path -Path Env:VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT) {
+        Remove-Item -Path env:VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT
+    }
+
+    # Just remove the _PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX altogether:
+    if (Get-Variable -Name "_PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
+        Remove-Variable -Name _PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX -Scope Global -Force
+    }
+
+    # Leave deactivate function in the global namespace if requested:
+    if (-not $NonDestructive) {
+        Remove-Item -Path function:deactivate
+    }
+}
+
+<#
+.Description
+Get-PyVenvConfig parses the values from the pyvenv.cfg file located in the
+given folder, and returns them in a map.
+
+For each line in the pyvenv.cfg file, if that line can be parsed into exactly
+two strings separated by `=` (with any amount of whitespace surrounding the =)
+then it is considered a `key = value` line. The left hand string is the key,
+the right hand is the value.
+
+If the value starts with a `'` or a `"` then the first and last character is
+stripped from the value before being captured.
+
+.Parameter ConfigDir
+Path to the directory that contains the `pyvenv.cfg` file.
+#>
+function Get-PyVenvConfig(
+    [String]
+    $ConfigDir
+) {
+    Write-Verbose "Given ConfigDir=$ConfigDir, obtain values in pyvenv.cfg"
+
+    # Ensure the file exists, and issue a warning if it doesn't (but still allow the function to continue).
+    $pyvenvConfigPath = Join-Path -Resolve -Path $ConfigDir -ChildPath 'pyvenv.cfg' -ErrorAction Continue
+
+    # An empty map will be returned if no config file is found.
+    $pyvenvConfig = @{ }
+
+    if ($pyvenvConfigPath) {
+
+        Write-Verbose "File exists, parse `key = value` lines"
+        $pyvenvConfigContent = Get-Content -Path $pyvenvConfigPath
+
+        $pyvenvConfigContent | ForEach-Object {
+            $keyval = $PSItem -split "\s*=\s*", 2
+            if ($keyval[0] -and $keyval[1]) {
+                $val = $keyval[1]
+
+                # Remove extraneous quotations around a string value.
+                if ("'""".Contains($val.Substring(0, 1))) {
+                    $val = $val.Substring(1, $val.Length - 2)
+                }
+
+                $pyvenvConfig[$keyval[0]] = $val
+                Write-Verbose "Adding Key: '$($keyval[0])'='$val'"
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return $pyvenvConfig
+}
+
+
+<# Begin Activate script --------------------------------------------------- #>
+
+# Determine the containing directory of this script
+$VenvExecPath = Split-Path -Parent $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Definition
+$VenvExecDir = Get-Item -Path $VenvExecPath
+
+Write-Verbose "Activation script is located in path: '$VenvExecPath'"
+Write-Verbose "VenvExecDir Fullname: '$($VenvExecDir.FullName)"
+Write-Verbose "VenvExecDir Name: '$($VenvExecDir.Name)"
+
+# Set values required in priority: CmdLine, ConfigFile, Default
+# First, get the location of the virtual environment, it might not be
+# VenvExecDir if specified on the command line.
+if ($VenvDir) {
+    Write-Verbose "VenvDir given as parameter, using '$VenvDir' to determine values"
+}
+else {
+    Write-Verbose "VenvDir not given as a parameter, using parent directory name as VenvDir."
+    $VenvDir = $VenvExecDir.Parent.FullName.TrimEnd("\\/")
+    Write-Verbose "VenvDir=$VenvDir"
+}
+
+# Next, read the `pyvenv.cfg` file to determine any required value such
+# as `prompt`.
+$pyvenvCfg = Get-PyVenvConfig -ConfigDir $VenvDir
+
+# Next, set the prompt from the command line, or the config file, or
+# just use the name of the virtual environment folder.
+if ($Prompt) {
+    Write-Verbose "Prompt specified as argument, using '$Prompt'"
+}
+else {
+    Write-Verbose "Prompt not specified as argument to script, checking pyvenv.cfg value"
+    if ($pyvenvCfg -and $pyvenvCfg['prompt']) {
+        Write-Verbose "  Setting based on value in pyvenv.cfg='$($pyvenvCfg['prompt'])'"
+        $Prompt = $pyvenvCfg['prompt'];
+    }
+    else {
+        Write-Verbose "  Setting prompt based on parent's directory's name. (Is the directory name passed to venv module when creating the virtual environment)"
+        Write-Verbose "  Got leaf-name of $VenvDir='$(Split-Path -Path $venvDir -Leaf)'"
+        $Prompt = Split-Path -Path $venvDir -Leaf
+    }
+}
+
+Write-Verbose "Prompt = '$Prompt'"
+Write-Verbose "VenvDir='$VenvDir'"
+
+# Deactivate any currently active virtual environment, but leave the
+# deactivate function in place.
+deactivate -nondestructive
+
+# Now set the environment variable VIRTUAL_ENV, used by many tools to determine
+# that there is an activated venv.
+$env:VIRTUAL_ENV = $VenvDir
+
+if (-not $Env:VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT) {
+
+    Write-Verbose "Setting prompt to '$Prompt'"
+
+    # Set the prompt to include the env name
+    # Make sure _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT is global
+    function global:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT { "" }
+    Copy-Item -Path function:prompt -Destination function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT
+    New-Variable -Name _PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX -Description "Python virtual environment prompt prefix" -Scope Global -Option ReadOnly -Visibility Public -Value $Prompt
+
+    function global:prompt {
+        Write-Host -NoNewline -ForegroundColor Green "($_PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX) "
+        _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT
+    }
+    $env:VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT = $Prompt
+}
+
+# Clear PYTHONHOME
+if (Test-Path -Path Env:PYTHONHOME) {
+    Copy-Item -Path Env:PYTHONHOME -Destination Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+    Remove-Item -Path Env:PYTHONHOME
+}
+
+# Add the venv to the PATH
+Copy-Item -Path Env:PATH -Destination Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+$Env:PATH = "$VenvExecDir$([System.IO.Path]::PathSeparator)$Env:PATH"

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/activate

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# This file must be used with "source bin/activate" *from bash*
+# You cannot run it directly
+
+deactivate () {
+    # reset old environment variables
+    if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH:-}" ] ; then
+        PATH="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH:-}"
+        export PATH
+        unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+    fi
+    if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME:-}" ] ; then
+        PYTHONHOME="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME:-}"
+        export PYTHONHOME
+        unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+    fi
+
+    # Call hash to forget past commands. Without forgetting
+    # past commands the $PATH changes we made may not be respected
+    hash -r 2> /dev/null
+
+    if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1:-}" ] ; then
+        PS1="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1:-}"
+        export PS1
+        unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1
+    fi
+
+    unset VIRTUAL_ENV
+    unset VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT
+    if [ ! "${1:-}" = "nondestructive" ] ; then
+    # Self destruct!
+        unset -f deactivate
+    fi
+}
+
+# unset irrelevant variables
+deactivate nondestructive
+
+# on Windows, a path can contain colons and backslashes and has to be converted:
+if [ "${OSTYPE:-}" = "cygwin" ] || [ "${OSTYPE:-}" = "msys" ] ; then
+    # transform D:\path\to\venv to /d/path/to/venv on MSYS
+    # and to /cygdrive/d/path/to/venv on Cygwin
+    export VIRTUAL_ENV=$(cygpath "/home/winsdominoes/Workspace/cmkl_assignments/fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env")
+else
+    # use the path as-is
+    export VIRTUAL_ENV="/home/winsdominoes/Workspace/cmkl_assignments/fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env"
+fi
+
+_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH="$PATH"
+PATH="$VIRTUAL_ENV/bin:$PATH"
+export PATH
+
+# unset PYTHONHOME if set
+# this will fail if PYTHONHOME is set to the empty string (which is bad anyway)
+# could use `if (set -u; : $PYTHONHOME) ;` in bash
+if [ -n "${PYTHONHOME:-}" ] ; then
+    _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME="${PYTHONHOME:-}"
+    unset PYTHONHOME
+fi
+
+if [ -z "${VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT:-}" ] ; then
+    _OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1="${PS1:-}"
+    PS1="(env) ${PS1:-}"
+    export PS1
+    VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT="(env) "
+    export VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT
+fi
+
+# Call hash to forget past commands. Without forgetting
+# past commands the $PATH changes we made may not be respected
+hash -r 2> /dev/null

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/activate.csh

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# This file must be used with "source bin/activate.csh" *from csh*.
+# You cannot run it directly.
+
+# Created by Davide Di Blasi <davidedb@gmail.com>.
+# Ported to Python 3.3 venv by Andrew Svetlov <andrew.svetlov@gmail.com>
+
+alias deactivate 'test $?_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH != 0 && setenv PATH "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH" && unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH; rehash; test $?_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT != 0 && set prompt="$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT" && unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT; unsetenv VIRTUAL_ENV; unsetenv VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT; test "\!:*" != "nondestructive" && unalias deactivate'
+
+# Unset irrelevant variables.
+deactivate nondestructive
+
+setenv VIRTUAL_ENV "/home/winsdominoes/Workspace/cmkl_assignments/fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env"
+
+set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH="$PATH"
+setenv PATH "$VIRTUAL_ENV/bin:$PATH"
+
+
+set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT="$prompt"
+
+if (! "$?VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT") then
+    set prompt = "(env) $prompt"
+    setenv VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT "(env) "
+endif
+
+alias pydoc python -m pydoc
+
+rehash

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/activate.fish

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# This file must be used with "source <venv>/bin/activate.fish" *from fish*
+# (https://fishshell.com/). You cannot run it directly.
+
+function deactivate  -d "Exit virtual environment and return to normal shell environment"
+    # reset old environment variables
+    if test -n "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH"
+        set -gx PATH $_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+        set -e _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+    end
+    if test -n "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME"
+        set -gx PYTHONHOME $_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+        set -e _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+    end
+
+    if test -n "$_OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE"
+        set -e _OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE
+        # prevents error when using nested fish instances (Issue #93858)
+        if functions -q _old_fish_prompt
+            functions -e fish_prompt
+            functions -c _old_fish_prompt fish_prompt
+            functions -e _old_fish_prompt
+        end
+    end
+
+    set -e VIRTUAL_ENV
+    set -e VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT
+    if test "$argv[1]" != "nondestructive"
+        # Self-destruct!
+        functions -e deactivate
+    end
+end
+
+# Unset irrelevant variables.
+deactivate nondestructive
+
+set -gx VIRTUAL_ENV "/home/winsdominoes/Workspace/cmkl_assignments/fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env"
+
+set -gx _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH $PATH
+set -gx PATH "$VIRTUAL_ENV/bin" $PATH
+
+# Unset PYTHONHOME if set.
+if set -q PYTHONHOME
+    set -gx _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME $PYTHONHOME
+    set -e PYTHONHOME
+end
+
+if test -z "$VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT"
+    # fish uses a function instead of an env var to generate the prompt.
+
+    # Save the current fish_prompt function as the function _old_fish_prompt.
+    functions -c fish_prompt _old_fish_prompt
+
+    # With the original prompt function renamed, we can override with our own.
+    function fish_prompt
+        # Save the return status of the last command.
+        set -l old_status $status
+
+        # Output the venv prompt; color taken from the blue of the Python logo.
+        printf "%s%s%s" (set_color 4B8BBE) "(env) " (set_color normal)
+
+        # Restore the return status of the previous command.
+        echo "exit $old_status" | .
+        # Output the original/"old" prompt.
+        _old_fish_prompt
+    end
+
+    set -gx _OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE "$VIRTUAL_ENV"
+    set -gx VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT "(env) "
+end

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/debugpy

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/winsdominoes/Workspace/cmkl_assignments/fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from debugpy.server.cli import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/f2py

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/winsdominoes/Workspace/cmkl_assignments/fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from numpy.f2py.f2py2e import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/ipython

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/winsdominoes/Workspace/cmkl_assignments/fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from IPython import start_ipython
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(start_ipython())

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/ipython3

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/winsdominoes/Workspace/cmkl_assignments/fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from IPython import start_ipython
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(start_ipython())

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/jupyter

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/winsdominoes/Workspace/cmkl_assignments/fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from jupyter_core.command import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/jupyter-kernel

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/winsdominoes/Workspace/cmkl_assignments/fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from jupyter_client.kernelapp import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/jupyter-kernelspec

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/winsdominoes/Workspace/cmkl_assignments/fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from jupyter_client.kernelspecapp import KernelSpecApp
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(KernelSpecApp.launch_instance())

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/jupyter-migrate

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/winsdominoes/Workspace/cmkl_assignments/fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from jupyter_core.migrate import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/jupyter-run

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/winsdominoes/Workspace/cmkl_assignments/fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from jupyter_client.runapp import RunApp
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(RunApp.launch_instance())

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/jupyter-troubleshoot

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/winsdominoes/Workspace/cmkl_assignments/fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from jupyter_core.troubleshoot import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/numpy-config

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/winsdominoes/Workspace/cmkl_assignments/fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from numpy._configtool import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/pip

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/winsdominoes/Workspace/cmkl_assignments/fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from pip._internal.cli.main import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/pip3

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/winsdominoes/Workspace/cmkl_assignments/fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from pip._internal.cli.main import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/pip3.12

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/winsdominoes/Workspace/cmkl_assignments/fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from pip._internal.cli.main import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/pygmentize

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/winsdominoes/Workspace/cmkl_assignments/fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from pygments.cmdline import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/python

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/usr/bin/python

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/python3

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+python

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/bin/python3.12

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+python

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/lib/python3.12/site-packages/IPython/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+# PYTHON_ARGCOMPLETE_OK
+"""
+IPython: tools for interactive and parallel computing in Python.
+
+https://ipython.org
+"""
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (c) 2008-2011, IPython Development Team.
+#  Copyright (c) 2001-2007, Fernando Perez <fernando.perez@colorado.edu>
+#  Copyright (c) 2001, Janko Hauser <jhauser@zscout.de>
+#  Copyright (c) 2001, Nathaniel Gray <n8gray@caltech.edu>
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
+#
+#  The full license is in the file COPYING.txt, distributed with this software.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+import sys
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Setup everything
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Don't forget to also update setup.py when this changes!
+if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+    raise ImportError(
+        """
+IPython 8.19+ supports Python 3.10 and above, following SPEC0.
+IPython 8.13+ supports Python 3.9 and above, following NEP 29.
+IPython 8.0-8.12 supports Python 3.8 and above, following NEP 29.
+When using Python 2.7, please install IPython 5.x LTS Long Term Support version.
+Python 3.3 and 3.4 were supported up to IPython 6.x.
+Python 3.5 was supported with IPython 7.0 to 7.9.
+Python 3.6 was supported with IPython up to 7.16.
+Python 3.7 was still supported with the 7.x branch.
+
+See IPython `README.rst` file for more information:
+
+    https://github.com/ipython/ipython/blob/main/README.rst
+
+"""
+    )
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Setup the top level names
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+from .core.getipython import get_ipython
+from .core import release
+from .core.application import Application
+from .terminal.embed import embed
+
+from .core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
+from .utils.sysinfo import sys_info
+from .utils.frame import extract_module_locals
+
+__all__ = ["start_ipython", "embed", "start_kernel", "embed_kernel"]
+
+# Release data
+__author__ = '%s <%s>' % (release.author, release.author_email)
+__license__  = release.license
+__version__  = release.version
+version_info = release.version_info
+# list of CVEs that should have been patched in this release.
+# this is informational and should not be relied upon.
+__patched_cves__ = {"CVE-2022-21699", "CVE-2023-24816"}
+
+
+def embed_kernel(module=None, local_ns=None, **kwargs):
+    """Embed and start an IPython kernel in a given scope.
+
+    If you don't want the kernel to initialize the namespace
+    from the scope of the surrounding function,
+    and/or you want to load full IPython configuration,
+    you probably want `IPython.start_kernel()` instead.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    module : types.ModuleType, optional
+        The module to load into IPython globals (default: caller)
+    local_ns : dict, optional
+        The namespace to load into IPython user namespace (default: caller)
+    **kwargs : various, optional
+        Further keyword args are relayed to the IPKernelApp constructor,
+        such as `config`, a traitlets :class:`Config` object (see :ref:`configure_start_ipython`),
+        allowing configuration of the kernel (see :ref:`kernel_options`).  Will only have an effect
+        on the first embed_kernel call for a given process.
+    """
+    
+    (caller_module, caller_locals) = extract_module_locals(1)
+    if module is None:
+        module = caller_module
+    if local_ns is None:
+        local_ns = caller_locals
+    
+    # Only import .zmq when we really need it
+    from ipykernel.embed import embed_kernel as real_embed_kernel
+    real_embed_kernel(module=module, local_ns=local_ns, **kwargs)
+
+def start_ipython(argv=None, **kwargs):
+    """Launch a normal IPython instance (as opposed to embedded)
+
+    `IPython.embed()` puts a shell in a particular calling scope,
+    such as a function or method for debugging purposes,
+    which is often not desirable.
+
+    `start_ipython()` does full, regular IPython initialization,
+    including loading startup files, configuration, etc.
+    much of which is skipped by `embed()`.
+
+    This is a public API method, and will survive implementation changes.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    argv : list or None, optional
+        If unspecified or None, IPython will parse command-line options from sys.argv.
+        To prevent any command-line parsing, pass an empty list: `argv=[]`.
+    user_ns : dict, optional
+        specify this dictionary to initialize the IPython user namespace with particular values.
+    **kwargs : various, optional
+        Any other kwargs will be passed to the Application constructor,
+        such as `config`, a traitlets :class:`Config` object (see :ref:`configure_start_ipython`),
+        allowing configuration of the instance (see :ref:`terminal_options`).
+    """
+    from IPython.terminal.ipapp import launch_new_instance
+    return launch_new_instance(argv=argv, **kwargs)
+
+def start_kernel(argv=None, **kwargs):
+    """Launch a normal IPython kernel instance (as opposed to embedded)
+
+    `IPython.embed_kernel()` puts a shell in a particular calling scope,
+    such as a function or method for debugging purposes,
+    which is often not desirable.
+
+    `start_kernel()` does full, regular IPython initialization,
+    including loading startup files, configuration, etc.
+    much of which is skipped by `embed_kernel()`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    argv : list or None, optional
+        If unspecified or None, IPython will parse command-line options from sys.argv.
+        To prevent any command-line parsing, pass an empty list: `argv=[]`.
+    user_ns : dict, optional
+        specify this dictionary to initialize the IPython user namespace with particular values.
+    **kwargs : various, optional
+        Any other kwargs will be passed to the Application constructor,
+        such as `config`, a traitlets :class:`Config` object (see :ref:`configure_start_ipython`),
+        allowing configuration of the kernel (see :ref:`kernel_options`).
+    """
+    import warnings
+
+    warnings.warn(
+        "start_kernel is deprecated since IPython 8.0, use from `ipykernel.kernelapp.launch_new_instance`",
+        DeprecationWarning,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+    from ipykernel.kernelapp import launch_new_instance
+    return launch_new_instance(argv=argv, **kwargs)

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/lib/python3.12/site-packages/IPython/__main__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# PYTHON_ARGCOMPLETE_OK
+# encoding: utf-8
+"""Terminal-based IPython entry point.
+"""
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (c) 2012, IPython Development Team.
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
+#
+#  The full license is in the file COPYING.txt, distributed with this software.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+from IPython import start_ipython
+
+start_ipython()

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/lib/python3.12/site-packages/IPython/conftest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import builtins
+import inspect
+import os
+import pathlib
+import shutil
+import sys
+import types
+
+import pytest
+
+# Must register before it gets imported
+pytest.register_assert_rewrite("IPython.testing.tools")
+
+from .testing import tools
+
+
+def pytest_collection_modifyitems(items):
+    """This function is automatically run by pytest passing all collected test
+    functions.
+
+    We use it to add asyncio marker to all async tests and assert we don't use
+    test functions that are async generators which wouldn't make sense.
+    """
+    for item in items:
+        if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(item.obj):
+            item.add_marker("asyncio")
+        assert not inspect.isasyncgenfunction(item.obj)
+
+
+def get_ipython():
+    from .terminal.interactiveshell import TerminalInteractiveShell
+    if TerminalInteractiveShell._instance:
+        return TerminalInteractiveShell.instance()
+
+    config = tools.default_config()
+    config.TerminalInteractiveShell.simple_prompt = True
+
+    # Create and initialize our test-friendly IPython instance.
+    shell = TerminalInteractiveShell.instance(config=config)
+    return shell
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope='session', autouse=True)
+def work_path():
+    path = pathlib.Path("./tmp-ipython-pytest-profiledir")
+    os.environ["IPYTHONDIR"] = str(path.absolute())
+    if path.exists():
+        raise ValueError('IPython dir temporary path already exists ! Did previous test run exit successfully ?')
+    path.mkdir()
+    yield
+    shutil.rmtree(str(path.resolve()))
+
+
+def nopage(strng, start=0, screen_lines=0, pager_cmd=None):
+    if isinstance(strng, dict):
+        strng = strng.get("text/plain", "")
+    print(strng)
+
+
+def xsys(self, cmd):
+    """Replace the default system call with a capturing one for doctest.
+    """
+    # We use getoutput, but we need to strip it because pexpect captures
+    # the trailing newline differently from commands.getoutput
+    print(self.getoutput(cmd, split=False, depth=1).rstrip(), end="", file=sys.stdout)
+    sys.stdout.flush()
+
+
+# for things to work correctly we would need this as a session fixture;
+# unfortunately this will fail on some test that get executed as _collection_
+# time (before the fixture run), in particular parametrized test that contain
+# yields. so for now execute at import time.
+#@pytest.fixture(autouse=True, scope='session')
+def inject():
+
+    builtins.get_ipython = get_ipython
+    builtins._ip = get_ipython()
+    builtins.ip = get_ipython()
+    builtins.ip.system = types.MethodType(xsys, ip)
+    builtins.ip.builtin_trap.activate()
+    from .core import page
+
+    page.pager_page = nopage
+    # yield
+
+
+inject()

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/lib/python3.12/site-packages/IPython/consoleapp.py

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+"""
+Shim to maintain backwards compatibility with old IPython.consoleapp imports.
+"""
+# Copyright (c) IPython Development Team.
+# Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
+
+from warnings import warn
+
+warn("The `IPython.consoleapp` package has been deprecated since IPython 4.0."
+     "You should import from jupyter_client.consoleapp instead.", stacklevel=2)
+
+from jupyter_client.consoleapp import *

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/lib/python3.12/site-packages/IPython/core/alias.py

@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+# encoding: utf-8
+"""
+System command aliases.
+
+Authors:
+
+* Fernando Perez
+* Brian Granger
+"""
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (C) 2008-2011  The IPython Development Team
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.
+#
+#  The full license is in the file COPYING.txt, distributed with this software.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+
+from traitlets.config.configurable import Configurable
+from .error import UsageError
+
+from traitlets import List, Instance
+from logging import error
+
+import typing as t
+
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Utilities
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# This is used as the pattern for calls to split_user_input.
+shell_line_split = re.compile(r'^(\s*)()(\S+)(.*$)')
+
+def default_aliases() -> t.List[t.Tuple[str, str]]:
+    """Return list of shell aliases to auto-define.
+    """
+    # Note: the aliases defined here should be safe to use on a kernel
+    # regardless of what frontend it is attached to.  Frontends that use a
+    # kernel in-process can define additional aliases that will only work in
+    # their case.  For example, things like 'less' or 'clear' that manipulate
+    # the terminal should NOT be declared here, as they will only work if the
+    # kernel is running inside a true terminal, and not over the network.
+
+    if os.name == 'posix':
+        default_aliases = [('mkdir', 'mkdir'), ('rmdir', 'rmdir'),
+                           ('mv', 'mv'), ('rm', 'rm'), ('cp', 'cp'),
+                           ('cat', 'cat'),
+                           ]
+        # Useful set of ls aliases.  The GNU and BSD options are a little
+        # different, so we make aliases that provide as similar as possible
+        # behavior in ipython, by passing the right flags for each platform
+        if sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
+            ls_aliases = [('ls', 'ls -F --color'),
+                          # long ls
+                          ('ll', 'ls -F -o --color'),
+                          # ls normal files only
+                          ('lf', 'ls -F -o --color %l | grep ^-'),
+                          # ls symbolic links
+                          ('lk', 'ls -F -o --color %l | grep ^l'),
+                          # directories or links to directories,
+                          ('ldir', 'ls -F -o --color %l | grep /$'),
+                          # things which are executable
+                          ('lx', 'ls -F -o --color %l | grep ^-..x'),
+                          ]
+        elif sys.platform.startswith('openbsd') or sys.platform.startswith('netbsd'):
+            # OpenBSD, NetBSD. The ls implementation on these platforms do not support
+            # the -G switch and lack the ability to use colorized output.
+            ls_aliases = [('ls', 'ls -F'),
+                          # long ls
+                          ('ll', 'ls -F -l'),
+                          # ls normal files only
+                          ('lf', 'ls -F -l %l | grep ^-'),
+                          # ls symbolic links
+                          ('lk', 'ls -F -l %l | grep ^l'),
+                          # directories or links to directories,
+                          ('ldir', 'ls -F -l %l | grep /$'),
+                          # things which are executable
+                          ('lx', 'ls -F -l %l | grep ^-..x'),
+                          ]
+        else:
+            # BSD, OSX, etc.
+            ls_aliases = [('ls', 'ls -F -G'),
+                          # long ls
+                          ('ll', 'ls -F -l -G'),
+                          # ls normal files only
+                          ('lf', 'ls -F -l -G %l | grep ^-'),
+                          # ls symbolic links
+                          ('lk', 'ls -F -l -G %l | grep ^l'),
+                          # directories or links to directories,
+                          ('ldir', 'ls -F -G -l %l | grep /$'),
+                          # things which are executable
+                          ('lx', 'ls -F -l -G %l | grep ^-..x'),
+                          ]
+        default_aliases = default_aliases + ls_aliases
+    elif os.name in ['nt', 'dos']:
+        default_aliases = [('ls', 'dir /on'),
+                           ('ddir', 'dir /ad /on'), ('ldir', 'dir /ad /on'),
+                           ('mkdir', 'mkdir'), ('rmdir', 'rmdir'),
+                           ('echo', 'echo'), ('ren', 'ren'), ('copy', 'copy'),
+                           ]
+    else:
+        default_aliases = []
+
+    return default_aliases
+
+
+class AliasError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class InvalidAliasError(AliasError):
+    pass
+
+class Alias(object):
+    """Callable object storing the details of one alias.
+
+    Instances are registered as magic functions to allow use of aliases.
+    """
+
+    # Prepare blacklist
+    blacklist = {'cd','popd','pushd','dhist','alias','unalias'}
+
+    def __init__(self, shell, name, cmd):
+        self.shell = shell
+        self.name = name
+        self.cmd = cmd
+        self.__doc__ = "Alias for `!{}`".format(cmd)
+        self.nargs = self.validate()
+
+    def validate(self):
+        """Validate the alias, and return the number of arguments."""
+        if self.name in self.blacklist:
+            raise InvalidAliasError("The name %s can't be aliased "
+                                    "because it is a keyword or builtin." % self.name)
+        try:
+            caller = self.shell.magics_manager.magics['line'][self.name]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            if not isinstance(caller, Alias):
+                raise InvalidAliasError("The name %s can't be aliased "
+                                        "because it is another magic command." % self.name)
+
+        if not (isinstance(self.cmd, str)):
+            raise InvalidAliasError("An alias command must be a string, "
+                                    "got: %r" % self.cmd)
+
+        nargs = self.cmd.count('%s') - self.cmd.count('%%s')
+  
+        if (nargs > 0) and (self.cmd.find('%l') >= 0):
+            raise InvalidAliasError('The %s and %l specifiers are mutually '
+                                    'exclusive in alias definitions.')
+
+        return nargs
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<alias {} for {!r}>".format(self.name, self.cmd)
+
+    def __call__(self, rest=''):
+        cmd = self.cmd
+        nargs = self.nargs
+        # Expand the %l special to be the user's input line
+        if cmd.find('%l') >= 0:
+            cmd = cmd.replace('%l', rest)
+            rest = ''
+        
+        if nargs==0:
+            if cmd.find('%%s') >= 1:
+                cmd = cmd.replace('%%s', '%s')
+            # Simple, argument-less aliases
+            cmd = '%s %s' % (cmd, rest)
+        else:
+            # Handle aliases with positional arguments
+            args = rest.split(None, nargs)
+            if len(args) < nargs:
+                raise UsageError('Alias <%s> requires %s arguments, %s given.' %
+                      (self.name, nargs, len(args)))
+            cmd = '%s %s' % (cmd % tuple(args[:nargs]),' '.join(args[nargs:]))
+
+        self.shell.system(cmd)
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Main AliasManager class
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class AliasManager(Configurable):
+    default_aliases: List = List(default_aliases()).tag(config=True)
+    user_aliases: List = List(default_value=[]).tag(config=True)
+    shell = Instance(
+        "IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShellABC", allow_none=True
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, shell=None, **kwargs):
+        super(AliasManager, self).__init__(shell=shell, **kwargs)
+        # For convenient access
+        if self.shell is not None:
+            self.linemagics = self.shell.magics_manager.magics["line"]
+            self.init_aliases()
+
+    def init_aliases(self):
+        # Load default & user aliases
+        for name, cmd in self.default_aliases + self.user_aliases:
+            if (
+                cmd.startswith("ls ")
+                and self.shell is not None
+                and self.shell.colors == "NoColor"
+            ):
+                cmd = cmd.replace(" --color", "")
+            self.soft_define_alias(name, cmd)
+
+    @property
+    def aliases(self):
+        return [(n, func.cmd) for (n, func) in self.linemagics.items()
+                            if isinstance(func, Alias)]
+
+    def soft_define_alias(self, name, cmd):
+        """Define an alias, but don't raise on an AliasError."""
+        try:
+            self.define_alias(name, cmd)
+        except AliasError as e:
+            error("Invalid alias: %s" % e)
+
+    def define_alias(self, name, cmd):
+        """Define a new alias after validating it.
+
+        This will raise an :exc:`AliasError` if there are validation
+        problems.
+        """
+        caller = Alias(shell=self.shell, name=name, cmd=cmd)
+        self.shell.magics_manager.register_function(caller, magic_kind='line',
+                                                    magic_name=name)
+
+    def get_alias(self, name):
+        """Return an alias, or None if no alias by that name exists."""
+        aname = self.linemagics.get(name, None)
+        return aname if isinstance(aname, Alias) else None
+
+    def is_alias(self, name):
+        """Return whether or not a given name has been defined as an alias"""
+        return self.get_alias(name) is not None
+
+    def undefine_alias(self, name):
+        if self.is_alias(name):
+            del self.linemagics[name]
+        else:
+            raise ValueError('%s is not an alias' % name)
+
+    def clear_aliases(self):
+        for name, _ in self.aliases:
+            self.undefine_alias(name)
+
+    def retrieve_alias(self, name):
+        """Retrieve the command to which an alias expands."""
+        caller = self.get_alias(name)
+        if caller:
+            return caller.cmd
+        else:
+            raise ValueError('%s is not an alias' % name)

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/lib/python3.12/site-packages/IPython/core/application.py

@@ -0,0 +1,492 @@
+# encoding: utf-8
+"""
+An application for IPython.
+
+All top-level applications should use the classes in this module for
+handling configuration and creating configurables.
+
+The job of an :class:`Application` is to create the master configuration
+object and then create the configurable objects, passing the config to them.
+"""
+
+# Copyright (c) IPython Development Team.
+# Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
+
+import atexit
+from copy import deepcopy
+import logging
+import os
+import shutil
+import sys
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from traitlets.config.application import Application, catch_config_error
+from traitlets.config.loader import ConfigFileNotFound, PyFileConfigLoader
+from IPython.core import release, crashhandler
+from IPython.core.profiledir import ProfileDir, ProfileDirError
+from IPython.paths import get_ipython_dir, get_ipython_package_dir
+from IPython.utils.path import ensure_dir_exists
+from traitlets import (
+    List, Unicode, Type, Bool, Set, Instance, Undefined,
+    default, observe,
+)
+
+if os.name == "nt":
+    programdata = os.environ.get("PROGRAMDATA", None)
+    if programdata is not None:
+        SYSTEM_CONFIG_DIRS = [str(Path(programdata) / "ipython")]
+    else:  # PROGRAMDATA is not defined by default on XP.
+        SYSTEM_CONFIG_DIRS = []
+else:
+    SYSTEM_CONFIG_DIRS = [
+        "/usr/local/etc/ipython",
+        "/etc/ipython",
+    ]
+
+
+ENV_CONFIG_DIRS = []
+_env_config_dir = os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'etc', 'ipython')
+if _env_config_dir not in SYSTEM_CONFIG_DIRS:
+    # only add ENV_CONFIG if sys.prefix is not already included
+    ENV_CONFIG_DIRS.append(_env_config_dir)
+
+
+_envvar = os.environ.get('IPYTHON_SUPPRESS_CONFIG_ERRORS')
+if _envvar in {None, ''}:
+    IPYTHON_SUPPRESS_CONFIG_ERRORS = None
+else:
+    if _envvar.lower() in {'1','true'}:
+        IPYTHON_SUPPRESS_CONFIG_ERRORS = True
+    elif _envvar.lower() in {'0','false'} :
+        IPYTHON_SUPPRESS_CONFIG_ERRORS = False
+    else:
+        sys.exit("Unsupported value for environment variable: 'IPYTHON_SUPPRESS_CONFIG_ERRORS' is set to '%s' which is none of  {'0', '1', 'false', 'true', ''}."% _envvar )
+
+# aliases and flags
+
+base_aliases = {}
+if isinstance(Application.aliases, dict):
+    # traitlets 5
+    base_aliases.update(Application.aliases)
+base_aliases.update(
+    {
+        "profile-dir": "ProfileDir.location",
+        "profile": "BaseIPythonApplication.profile",
+        "ipython-dir": "BaseIPythonApplication.ipython_dir",
+        "log-level": "Application.log_level",
+        "config": "BaseIPythonApplication.extra_config_file",
+    }
+)
+
+base_flags = dict()
+if isinstance(Application.flags, dict):
+    # traitlets 5
+    base_flags.update(Application.flags)
+base_flags.update(
+    dict(
+        debug=(
+            {"Application": {"log_level": logging.DEBUG}},
+            "set log level to logging.DEBUG (maximize logging output)",
+        ),
+        quiet=(
+            {"Application": {"log_level": logging.CRITICAL}},
+            "set log level to logging.CRITICAL (minimize logging output)",
+        ),
+        init=(
+            {
+                "BaseIPythonApplication": {
+                    "copy_config_files": True,
+                    "auto_create": True,
+                }
+            },
+            """Initialize profile with default config files.  This is equivalent
+            to running `ipython profile create <profile>` prior to startup.
+            """,
+        ),
+    )
+)
+
+
+class ProfileAwareConfigLoader(PyFileConfigLoader):
+    """A Python file config loader that is aware of IPython profiles."""
+    def load_subconfig(self, fname, path=None, profile=None):
+        if profile is not None:
+            try:
+                profile_dir = ProfileDir.find_profile_dir_by_name(
+                        get_ipython_dir(),
+                        profile,
+                )
+            except ProfileDirError:
+                return
+            path = profile_dir.location
+        return super(ProfileAwareConfigLoader, self).load_subconfig(fname, path=path)
+
+class BaseIPythonApplication(Application):
+    name = "ipython"
+    description = "IPython: an enhanced interactive Python shell."
+    version = Unicode(release.version)
+
+    aliases = base_aliases
+    flags = base_flags
+    classes = List([ProfileDir])
+    
+    # enable `load_subconfig('cfg.py', profile='name')`
+    python_config_loader_class = ProfileAwareConfigLoader
+
+    # Track whether the config_file has changed,
+    # because some logic happens only if we aren't using the default.
+    config_file_specified = Set()
+
+    config_file_name = Unicode()
+    @default('config_file_name')
+    def _config_file_name_default(self):
+        return self.name.replace('-','_') + u'_config.py'
+    @observe('config_file_name')
+    def _config_file_name_changed(self, change):
+        if change['new'] != change['old']:
+            self.config_file_specified.add(change['new'])
+
+    # The directory that contains IPython's builtin profiles.
+    builtin_profile_dir = Unicode(
+        os.path.join(get_ipython_package_dir(), u'config', u'profile', u'default')
+    )
+    
+    config_file_paths = List(Unicode())
+    @default('config_file_paths')
+    def _config_file_paths_default(self):
+        return []
+
+    extra_config_file = Unicode(
+    help="""Path to an extra config file to load.
+    
+    If specified, load this config file in addition to any other IPython config.
+    """).tag(config=True)
+    @observe('extra_config_file')
+    def _extra_config_file_changed(self, change):
+        old = change['old']
+        new = change['new']
+        try:
+            self.config_files.remove(old)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+        self.config_file_specified.add(new)
+        self.config_files.append(new)
+
+    profile = Unicode(u'default',
+        help="""The IPython profile to use."""
+    ).tag(config=True)
+    
+    @observe('profile')
+    def _profile_changed(self, change):
+        self.builtin_profile_dir = os.path.join(
+                get_ipython_package_dir(), u'config', u'profile', change['new']
+        )
+
+    add_ipython_dir_to_sys_path = Bool(
+        False,
+        """Should the IPython profile directory be added to sys path ?
+
+        This option was non-existing before IPython 8.0, and ipython_dir was added to
+        sys path to allow import of extensions present there. This was historical
+        baggage from when pip did not exist. This now default to false,
+        but can be set to true for legacy reasons.
+        """,
+    ).tag(config=True)
+
+    ipython_dir = Unicode(
+        help="""
+        The name of the IPython directory. This directory is used for logging
+        configuration (through profiles), history storage, etc. The default
+        is usually $HOME/.ipython. This option can also be specified through
+        the environment variable IPYTHONDIR.
+        """
+    ).tag(config=True)
+    @default('ipython_dir')
+    def _ipython_dir_default(self):
+        d = get_ipython_dir()
+        self._ipython_dir_changed({
+            'name': 'ipython_dir',
+            'old': d,
+            'new': d,
+        })
+        return d
+    
+    _in_init_profile_dir = False
+
+    profile_dir = Instance(ProfileDir, allow_none=True)
+
+    @default('profile_dir')
+    def _profile_dir_default(self):
+        # avoid recursion
+        if self._in_init_profile_dir:
+            return
+        # profile_dir requested early, force initialization
+        self.init_profile_dir()
+        return self.profile_dir
+
+    overwrite = Bool(False,
+        help="""Whether to overwrite existing config files when copying"""
+    ).tag(config=True)
+
+    auto_create = Bool(False,
+        help="""Whether to create profile dir if it doesn't exist"""
+    ).tag(config=True)
+
+    config_files = List(Unicode())
+
+    @default('config_files')
+    def _config_files_default(self):
+        return [self.config_file_name]
+
+    copy_config_files = Bool(False,
+        help="""Whether to install the default config files into the profile dir.
+        If a new profile is being created, and IPython contains config files for that
+        profile, then they will be staged into the new directory.  Otherwise,
+        default config files will be automatically generated.
+        """).tag(config=True)
+    
+    verbose_crash = Bool(False,
+        help="""Create a massive crash report when IPython encounters what may be an
+        internal error.  The default is to append a short message to the
+        usual traceback""").tag(config=True)
+
+    # The class to use as the crash handler.
+    crash_handler_class = Type(crashhandler.CrashHandler)
+
+    @catch_config_error
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        super(BaseIPythonApplication, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        # ensure current working directory exists
+        try:
+            os.getcwd()
+        except:
+            # exit if cwd doesn't exist
+            self.log.error("Current working directory doesn't exist.")
+            self.exit(1)
+
+    #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Various stages of Application creation
+    #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    
+    def init_crash_handler(self):
+        """Create a crash handler, typically setting sys.excepthook to it."""
+        self.crash_handler = self.crash_handler_class(self)
+        sys.excepthook = self.excepthook
+        def unset_crashhandler():
+            sys.excepthook = sys.__excepthook__
+        atexit.register(unset_crashhandler)
+    
+    def excepthook(self, etype, evalue, tb):
+        """this is sys.excepthook after init_crashhandler
+
+        set self.verbose_crash=True to use our full crashhandler, instead of
+        a regular traceback with a short message (crash_handler_lite)
+        """
+        
+        if self.verbose_crash:
+            return self.crash_handler(etype, evalue, tb)
+        else:
+            return crashhandler.crash_handler_lite(etype, evalue, tb)
+
+    @observe('ipython_dir')
+    def _ipython_dir_changed(self, change):
+        old = change['old']
+        new = change['new']
+        if old is not Undefined:
+            str_old = os.path.abspath(old)
+            if str_old in sys.path:
+                sys.path.remove(str_old)
+        if self.add_ipython_dir_to_sys_path:
+            str_path = os.path.abspath(new)
+            sys.path.append(str_path)
+            ensure_dir_exists(new)
+            readme = os.path.join(new, "README")
+            readme_src = os.path.join(
+                get_ipython_package_dir(), "config", "profile", "README"
+            )
+            if not os.path.exists(readme) and os.path.exists(readme_src):
+                shutil.copy(readme_src, readme)
+            for d in ("extensions", "nbextensions"):
+                path = os.path.join(new, d)
+                try:
+                    ensure_dir_exists(path)
+                except OSError as e:
+                    # this will not be EEXIST
+                    self.log.error("couldn't create path %s: %s", path, e)
+            self.log.debug("IPYTHONDIR set to: %s", new)
+
+    def load_config_file(self, suppress_errors=IPYTHON_SUPPRESS_CONFIG_ERRORS):
+        """Load the config file.
+
+        By default, errors in loading config are handled, and a warning
+        printed on screen. For testing, the suppress_errors option is set
+        to False, so errors will make tests fail.
+
+        `suppress_errors` default value is to be `None` in which case the
+        behavior default to the one of `traitlets.Application`.
+
+        The default value can be set :
+           - to `False` by setting 'IPYTHON_SUPPRESS_CONFIG_ERRORS' environment variable to '0', or 'false' (case insensitive).
+           - to `True` by setting 'IPYTHON_SUPPRESS_CONFIG_ERRORS' environment variable to '1' or 'true' (case insensitive).
+           - to `None` by setting 'IPYTHON_SUPPRESS_CONFIG_ERRORS' environment variable to '' (empty string) or leaving it unset.
+
+        Any other value are invalid, and will make IPython exit with a non-zero return code.
+        """
+
+
+        self.log.debug("Searching path %s for config files", self.config_file_paths)
+        base_config = 'ipython_config.py'
+        self.log.debug("Attempting to load config file: %s" %
+                       base_config)
+        try:
+            if suppress_errors is not None:
+                old_value = Application.raise_config_file_errors
+                Application.raise_config_file_errors = not suppress_errors;
+            Application.load_config_file(
+                self,
+                base_config,
+                path=self.config_file_paths
+            )
+        except ConfigFileNotFound:
+            # ignore errors loading parent
+            self.log.debug("Config file %s not found", base_config)
+            pass
+        if suppress_errors is not None:
+            Application.raise_config_file_errors = old_value
+        
+        for config_file_name in self.config_files:
+            if not config_file_name or config_file_name == base_config:
+                continue
+            self.log.debug("Attempting to load config file: %s" %
+                           self.config_file_name)
+            try:
+                Application.load_config_file(
+                    self,
+                    config_file_name,
+                    path=self.config_file_paths
+                )
+            except ConfigFileNotFound:
+                # Only warn if the default config file was NOT being used.
+                if config_file_name in self.config_file_specified:
+                    msg = self.log.warning
+                else:
+                    msg = self.log.debug
+                msg("Config file not found, skipping: %s", config_file_name)
+            except Exception:
+                # For testing purposes.
+                if not suppress_errors:
+                    raise
+                self.log.warning("Error loading config file: %s" %
+                              self.config_file_name, exc_info=True)
+
+    def init_profile_dir(self):
+        """initialize the profile dir"""
+        self._in_init_profile_dir = True
+        if self.profile_dir is not None:
+            # already ran
+            return
+        if 'ProfileDir.location' not in self.config:
+            # location not specified, find by profile name
+            try:
+                p = ProfileDir.find_profile_dir_by_name(self.ipython_dir, self.profile, self.config)
+            except ProfileDirError:
+                # not found, maybe create it (always create default profile)
+                if self.auto_create or self.profile == 'default':
+                    try:
+                        p = ProfileDir.create_profile_dir_by_name(self.ipython_dir, self.profile, self.config)
+                    except ProfileDirError:
+                        self.log.fatal("Could not create profile: %r"%self.profile)
+                        self.exit(1)
+                    else:
+                        self.log.info("Created profile dir: %r"%p.location)
+                else:
+                    self.log.fatal("Profile %r not found."%self.profile)
+                    self.exit(1)
+            else:
+                self.log.debug("Using existing profile dir: %r", p.location)
+        else:
+            location = self.config.ProfileDir.location
+            # location is fully specified
+            try:
+                p = ProfileDir.find_profile_dir(location, self.config)
+            except ProfileDirError:
+                # not found, maybe create it
+                if self.auto_create:
+                    try:
+                        p = ProfileDir.create_profile_dir(location, self.config)
+                    except ProfileDirError:
+                        self.log.fatal("Could not create profile directory: %r"%location)
+                        self.exit(1)
+                    else:
+                        self.log.debug("Creating new profile dir: %r"%location)
+                else:
+                    self.log.fatal("Profile directory %r not found."%location)
+                    self.exit(1)
+            else:
+                self.log.debug("Using existing profile dir: %r", p.location)
+            # if profile_dir is specified explicitly, set profile name
+            dir_name = os.path.basename(p.location)
+            if dir_name.startswith('profile_'):
+                self.profile = dir_name[8:]
+
+        self.profile_dir = p
+        self.config_file_paths.append(p.location)
+        self._in_init_profile_dir = False
+
+    def init_config_files(self):
+        """[optionally] copy default config files into profile dir."""
+        self.config_file_paths.extend(ENV_CONFIG_DIRS)
+        self.config_file_paths.extend(SYSTEM_CONFIG_DIRS)
+        # copy config files
+        path = Path(self.builtin_profile_dir)
+        if self.copy_config_files:
+            src = self.profile
+
+            cfg = self.config_file_name
+            if path and (path / cfg).exists():
+                self.log.warning(
+                    "Staging %r from %s into %r [overwrite=%s]"
+                    % (cfg, src, self.profile_dir.location, self.overwrite)
+                )
+                self.profile_dir.copy_config_file(cfg, path=path, overwrite=self.overwrite)
+            else:
+                self.stage_default_config_file()
+        else:
+            # Still stage *bundled* config files, but not generated ones
+            # This is necessary for `ipython profile=sympy` to load the profile
+            # on the first go
+            files = path.glob("*.py")
+            for fullpath in files:
+                cfg = fullpath.name
+                if self.profile_dir.copy_config_file(cfg, path=path, overwrite=False):
+                    # file was copied
+                    self.log.warning("Staging bundled %s from %s into %r"%(
+                            cfg, self.profile, self.profile_dir.location)
+                    )
+
+
+    def stage_default_config_file(self):
+        """auto generate default config file, and stage it into the profile."""
+        s = self.generate_config_file()
+        config_file = Path(self.profile_dir.location) / self.config_file_name
+        if self.overwrite or not config_file.exists():
+            self.log.warning("Generating default config file: %r", (config_file))
+            config_file.write_text(s, encoding="utf-8")
+
+    @catch_config_error
+    def initialize(self, argv=None):
+        # don't hook up crash handler before parsing command-line
+        self.parse_command_line(argv)
+        self.init_crash_handler()
+        if self.subapp is not None:
+            # stop here if subapp is taking over
+            return
+        # save a copy of CLI config to re-load after config files
+        # so that it has highest priority
+        cl_config = deepcopy(self.config)
+        self.init_profile_dir()
+        self.init_config_files()
+        self.load_config_file()
+        # enforce cl-opts override configfile opts:
+        self.update_config(cl_config)

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/lib/python3.12/site-packages/IPython/core/async_helpers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+"""
+Async helper function that are invalid syntax on Python 3.5 and below.
+
+This code is best effort, and may have edge cases not behaving as expected. In
+particular it contain a number of heuristics to detect whether code is
+effectively async and need to run in an event loop or not.
+
+Some constructs (like top-level `return`, or `yield`) are taken care of
+explicitly to actually raise a SyntaxError and stay as close as possible to
+Python semantics.
+"""
+
+import ast
+import asyncio
+import inspect
+from functools import wraps
+
+_asyncio_event_loop = None
+
+
+def get_asyncio_loop():
+    """asyncio has deprecated get_event_loop
+
+    Replicate it here, with our desired semantics:
+
+    - always returns a valid, not-closed loop
+    - not thread-local like asyncio's,
+      because we only want one loop for IPython
+    - if called from inside a coroutine (e.g. in ipykernel),
+      return the running loop
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+    """
+    try:
+        return asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    except RuntimeError:
+        # not inside a coroutine,
+        # track our own global
+        pass
+
+    # not thread-local like asyncio's,
+    # because we only track one event loop to run for IPython itself,
+    # always in the main thread.
+    global _asyncio_event_loop
+    if _asyncio_event_loop is None or _asyncio_event_loop.is_closed():
+        _asyncio_event_loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+    return _asyncio_event_loop
+
+
+class _AsyncIORunner:
+    def __call__(self, coro):
+        """
+        Handler for asyncio autoawait
+        """
+        return get_asyncio_loop().run_until_complete(coro)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "asyncio"
+
+
+_asyncio_runner = _AsyncIORunner()
+
+
+class _AsyncIOProxy:
+    """Proxy-object for an asyncio
+
+    Any coroutine methods will be wrapped in event_loop.run_
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, obj, event_loop):
+        self._obj = obj
+        self._event_loop = event_loop
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"<_AsyncIOProxy({self._obj!r})>"
+
+    def __getattr__(self, key):
+        attr = getattr(self._obj, key)
+        if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(attr):
+            # if it's a coroutine method,
+            # return a threadsafe wrapper onto the _current_ asyncio loop
+            @wraps(attr)
+            def _wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
+                concurrent_future = asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(
+                    attr(*args, **kwargs), self._event_loop
+                )
+                return asyncio.wrap_future(concurrent_future)
+
+            return _wrapped
+        else:
+            return attr
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        return dir(self._obj)
+
+
+def _curio_runner(coroutine):
+    """
+    handler for curio autoawait
+    """
+    import curio
+
+    return curio.run(coroutine)
+
+
+def _trio_runner(async_fn):
+    import trio
+
+    async def loc(coro):
+        """
+        We need the dummy no-op async def to protect from
+        trio's internal. See https://github.com/python-trio/trio/issues/89
+        """
+        return await coro
+
+    return trio.run(loc, async_fn)
+
+
+def _pseudo_sync_runner(coro):
+    """
+    A runner that does not really allow async execution, and just advance the coroutine.
+
+    See discussion in https://github.com/python-trio/trio/issues/608,
+
+    Credit to Nathaniel Smith
+    """
+    try:
+        coro.send(None)
+    except StopIteration as exc:
+        return exc.value
+    else:
+        # TODO: do not raise but return an execution result with the right info.
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "{coro_name!r} needs a real async loop".format(coro_name=coro.__name__)
+        )
+
+
+def _should_be_async(cell: str) -> bool:
+    """Detect if a block of code need to be wrapped in an `async def`
+
+    Attempt to parse the block of code, it it compile we're fine.
+    Otherwise we  wrap if and try to compile.
+
+    If it works, assume it should be async. Otherwise Return False.
+
+    Not handled yet: If the block of code has a return statement as the top
+    level, it will be seen as async. This is a know limitation.
+    """
+    try:
+        code = compile(
+            cell, "<>", "exec", flags=getattr(ast, "PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT", 0x0)
+        )
+        return inspect.CO_COROUTINE & code.co_flags == inspect.CO_COROUTINE
+    except (SyntaxError, MemoryError):
+        return False

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/lib/python3.12/site-packages/IPython/core/autocall.py

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# encoding: utf-8
+"""
+Autocall capabilities for IPython.core.
+
+Authors:
+
+* Brian Granger
+* Fernando Perez
+* Thomas Kluyver
+
+Notes
+-----
+"""
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (C) 2008-2011  The IPython Development Team
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
+#  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Code
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class IPyAutocall(object):
+    """ Instances of this class are always autocalled
+    
+    This happens regardless of 'autocall' variable state. Use this to
+    develop macro-like mechanisms.
+    """
+    _ip = None
+    rewrite = True
+    def __init__(self, ip=None):
+        self._ip = ip
+    
+    def set_ip(self, ip):
+        """Will be used to set _ip point to current ipython instance b/f call
+
+        Override this method if you don't want this to happen.
+
+        """
+        self._ip = ip
+
+
+class ExitAutocall(IPyAutocall):
+    """An autocallable object which will be added to the user namespace so that
+    exit, exit(), quit or quit() are all valid ways to close the shell."""
+    rewrite = False
+    
+    def __call__(self):
+        self._ip.ask_exit()
+        
+class ZMQExitAutocall(ExitAutocall):
+    """Exit IPython. Autocallable, so it needn't be explicitly called.
+    
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    keep_kernel : bool
+      If True, leave the kernel alive. Otherwise, tell the kernel to exit too
+      (default).
+    """
+    def __call__(self, keep_kernel=False):
+        self._ip.keepkernel_on_exit = keep_kernel
+        self._ip.ask_exit()

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/lib/python3.12/site-packages/IPython/core/builtin_trap.py

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+"""
+A context manager for managing things injected into :mod:`builtins`.
+"""
+# Copyright (c) IPython Development Team.
+# Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
+import builtins as builtin_mod
+
+from traitlets.config.configurable import Configurable
+
+from traitlets import Instance
+
+
+class __BuiltinUndefined(object): pass
+BuiltinUndefined = __BuiltinUndefined()
+
+class __HideBuiltin(object): pass
+HideBuiltin = __HideBuiltin()
+
+
+class BuiltinTrap(Configurable):
+
+    shell = Instance('IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShellABC',
+                     allow_none=True)
+
+    def __init__(self, shell=None):
+        super(BuiltinTrap, self).__init__(shell=shell, config=None)
+        self._orig_builtins = {}
+        # We define this to track if a single BuiltinTrap is nested.
+        # Only turn off the trap when the outermost call to __exit__ is made.
+        self._nested_level = 0
+        self.shell = shell
+        # builtins we always add - if set to HideBuiltin, they will just
+        # be removed instead of being replaced by something else
+        self.auto_builtins = {'exit': HideBuiltin,
+                              'quit': HideBuiltin,
+                              'get_ipython': self.shell.get_ipython,
+                              }
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        if self._nested_level == 0:
+            self.activate()
+        self._nested_level += 1
+        # I return self, so callers can use add_builtin in a with clause.
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
+        if self._nested_level == 1:
+            self.deactivate()
+        self._nested_level -= 1
+        # Returning False will cause exceptions to propagate
+        return False
+
+    def add_builtin(self, key, value):
+        """Add a builtin and save the original."""
+        bdict = builtin_mod.__dict__
+        orig = bdict.get(key, BuiltinUndefined)
+        if value is HideBuiltin:
+            if orig is not BuiltinUndefined: #same as 'key in bdict'
+                self._orig_builtins[key] = orig
+                del bdict[key]
+        else:
+            self._orig_builtins[key] = orig
+            bdict[key] = value
+
+    def remove_builtin(self, key, orig):
+        """Remove an added builtin and re-set the original."""
+        if orig is BuiltinUndefined:
+            del builtin_mod.__dict__[key]
+        else:
+            builtin_mod.__dict__[key] = orig
+
+    def activate(self):
+        """Store ipython references in the __builtin__ namespace."""
+
+        add_builtin = self.add_builtin
+        for name, func in self.auto_builtins.items():
+            add_builtin(name, func)
+
+    def deactivate(self):
+        """Remove any builtins which might have been added by add_builtins, or
+        restore overwritten ones to their previous values."""
+        remove_builtin = self.remove_builtin
+        for key, val in self._orig_builtins.items():
+            remove_builtin(key, val)
+        self._orig_builtins.clear()
+        self._builtins_added = False

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/lib/python3.12/site-packages/IPython/core/compilerop.py

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+"""Compiler tools with improved interactive support.
+
+Provides compilation machinery similar to codeop, but with caching support so
+we can provide interactive tracebacks.
+
+Authors
+-------
+* Robert Kern
+* Fernando Perez
+* Thomas Kluyver
+"""
+
+# Note: though it might be more natural to name this module 'compiler', that
+# name is in the stdlib and name collisions with the stdlib tend to produce
+# weird problems (often with third-party tools).
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (C) 2010-2011 The IPython Development Team.
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.
+#
+#  The full license is in the file COPYING.txt, distributed with this software.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Stdlib imports
+import __future__
+from ast import PyCF_ONLY_AST
+import codeop
+import functools
+import hashlib
+import linecache
+import operator
+import time
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Constants
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Roughly equal to PyCF_MASK | PyCF_MASK_OBSOLETE as defined in pythonrun.h,
+# this is used as a bitmask to extract future-related code flags.
+PyCF_MASK = functools.reduce(operator.or_,
+                             (getattr(__future__, fname).compiler_flag
+                              for fname in __future__.all_feature_names))
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Local utilities
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def code_name(code, number=0):
+    """ Compute a (probably) unique name for code for caching.
+
+    This now expects code to be unicode.
+    """
+    hash_digest = hashlib.sha1(code.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()
+    # Include the number and 12 characters of the hash in the name.  It's
+    # pretty much impossible that in a single session we'll have collisions
+    # even with truncated hashes, and the full one makes tracebacks too long
+    return '<ipython-input-{0}-{1}>'.format(number, hash_digest[:12])
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Classes and functions
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class CachingCompiler(codeop.Compile):
+    """A compiler that caches code compiled from interactive statements.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        codeop.Compile.__init__(self)
+
+        # Caching a dictionary { filename: execution_count } for nicely
+        # rendered tracebacks. The filename corresponds to the filename
+        # argument used for the builtins.compile function.
+        self._filename_map = {}
+
+    def ast_parse(self, source, filename='<unknown>', symbol='exec'):
+        """Parse code to an AST with the current compiler flags active.
+
+        Arguments are exactly the same as ast.parse (in the standard library),
+        and are passed to the built-in compile function."""
+        return compile(source, filename, symbol, self.flags | PyCF_ONLY_AST, 1)
+
+    def reset_compiler_flags(self):
+        """Reset compiler flags to default state."""
+        # This value is copied from codeop.Compile.__init__, so if that ever
+        # changes, it will need to be updated.
+        self.flags = codeop.PyCF_DONT_IMPLY_DEDENT
+
+    @property
+    def compiler_flags(self):
+        """Flags currently active in the compilation process.
+        """
+        return self.flags
+
+    def get_code_name(self, raw_code, transformed_code, number):
+        """Compute filename given the code, and the cell number.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        raw_code : str
+            The raw cell code.
+        transformed_code : str
+            The executable Python source code to cache and compile.
+        number : int
+            A number which forms part of the code's name. Used for the execution
+            counter.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        The computed filename.
+        """
+        return code_name(transformed_code, number)
+
+    def format_code_name(self, name):
+        """Return a user-friendly label and name for a code block.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        name : str
+            The name for the code block returned from get_code_name
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        A (label, name) pair that can be used in tracebacks, or None if the default formatting should be used.
+        """
+        if name in self._filename_map:
+            return "Cell", "In[%s]" % self._filename_map[name]
+
+    def cache(self, transformed_code, number=0, raw_code=None):
+        """Make a name for a block of code, and cache the code.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        transformed_code : str
+            The executable Python source code to cache and compile.
+        number : int
+            A number which forms part of the code's name. Used for the execution
+            counter.
+        raw_code : str
+            The raw code before transformation, if None, set to `transformed_code`.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        The name of the cached code (as a string). Pass this as the filename
+        argument to compilation, so that tracebacks are correctly hooked up.
+        """
+        if raw_code is None:
+            raw_code = transformed_code
+
+        name = self.get_code_name(raw_code, transformed_code, number)
+
+        # Save the execution count
+        self._filename_map[name] = number
+
+        # Since Python 2.5, setting mtime to `None` means the lines will
+        # never be removed by `linecache.checkcache`.  This means all the
+        # monkeypatching has *never* been necessary, since this code was
+        # only added in 2010, at which point IPython had already stopped
+        # supporting Python 2.4.
+        #
+        # Note that `linecache.clearcache` and `linecache.updatecache` may
+        # still remove our code from the cache, but those show explicit
+        # intent, and we should not try to interfere.  Normally the former
+        # is never called except when out of memory, and the latter is only
+        # called for lines *not* in the cache.
+        entry = (
+            len(transformed_code),
+            None,
+            [line + "\n" for line in transformed_code.splitlines()],
+            name,
+        )
+        linecache.cache[name] = entry
+        return name
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def extra_flags(self, flags):
+        ## bits that we'll set to 1
+        turn_on_bits = ~self.flags & flags
+
+
+        self.flags = self.flags | flags
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            # turn off only the bits we turned on so that something like
+            # __future__ that set flags stays.
+            self.flags &= ~turn_on_bits
+
+
+def check_linecache_ipython(*args):
+    """Deprecated since IPython 8.6.  Call linecache.checkcache() directly.
+
+    It was already not necessary to call this function directly.  If no
+    CachingCompiler had been created, this function would fail badly.  If
+    an instance had been created, this function would've been monkeypatched
+    into place.
+
+    As of IPython 8.6, the monkeypatching has gone away entirely.  But there
+    were still internal callers of this function, so maybe external callers
+    also existed?
+    """
+    import warnings
+
+    warnings.warn(
+        "Deprecated Since IPython 8.6, Just call linecache.checkcache() directly.",
+        DeprecationWarning,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+    linecache.checkcache()

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/lib/python3.12/site-packages/IPython/core/completerlib.py

@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+# encoding: utf-8
+"""Implementations for various useful completers.
+
+These are all loaded by default by IPython.
+"""
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (C) 2010-2011 The IPython Development Team.
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.
+#
+#  The full license is in the file COPYING.txt, distributed with this software.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Stdlib imports
+import glob
+import inspect
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+from importlib import import_module
+from importlib.machinery import all_suffixes
+
+
+# Third-party imports
+from time import time
+from zipimport import zipimporter
+
+# Our own imports
+from .completer import expand_user, compress_user
+from .error import TryNext
+from ..utils._process_common import arg_split
+
+# FIXME: this should be pulled in with the right call via the component system
+from IPython import get_ipython
+
+from typing import List
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Globals and constants
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+_suffixes = all_suffixes()
+
+# Time in seconds after which the rootmodules will be stored permanently in the
+# ipython ip.db database (kept in the user's .ipython dir).
+TIMEOUT_STORAGE = 2
+
+# Time in seconds after which we give up
+TIMEOUT_GIVEUP = 20
+
+# Regular expression for the python import statement
+import_re = re.compile(r'(?P<name>[^\W\d]\w*?)'
+                       r'(?P<package>[/\\]__init__)?'
+                       r'(?P<suffix>%s)$' %
+                       r'|'.join(re.escape(s) for s in _suffixes))
+
+# RE for the ipython %run command (python + ipython scripts)
+magic_run_re = re.compile(r'.*(\.ipy|\.ipynb|\.py[w]?)$')
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Local utilities
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def module_list(path: str) -> List[str]:
+    """
+    Return the list containing the names of the modules available in the given
+    folder.
+    """
+    # sys.path has the cwd as an empty string, but isdir/listdir need it as '.'
+    if path == '':
+        path = '.'
+
+    # A few local constants to be used in loops below
+    pjoin = os.path.join
+
+    if os.path.isdir(path):
+        # Build a list of all files in the directory and all files
+        # in its subdirectories. For performance reasons, do not
+        # recurse more than one level into subdirectories.
+        files: List[str] = []
+        for root, dirs, nondirs in os.walk(path, followlinks=True):
+            subdir = root[len(path)+1:]
+            if subdir:
+                files.extend(pjoin(subdir, f) for f in nondirs)
+                dirs[:] = [] # Do not recurse into additional subdirectories.
+            else:
+                files.extend(nondirs)
+
+    else:
+        try:
+            files = list(zipimporter(path)._files.keys())  # type: ignore
+        except Exception:
+            files = []
+
+    # Build a list of modules which match the import_re regex.
+    modules = []
+    for f in files:
+        m = import_re.match(f)
+        if m:
+            modules.append(m.group('name'))
+    return list(set(modules))
+
+
+def get_root_modules():
+    """
+    Returns a list containing the names of all the modules available in the
+    folders of the pythonpath.
+
+    ip.db['rootmodules_cache'] maps sys.path entries to list of modules.
+    """
+    ip = get_ipython()
+    if ip is None:
+        # No global shell instance to store cached list of modules.
+        # Don't try to scan for modules every time.
+        return list(sys.builtin_module_names)
+
+    if getattr(ip.db, "_mock", False):
+        rootmodules_cache = {}
+    else:
+        rootmodules_cache = ip.db.get("rootmodules_cache", {})
+    rootmodules = list(sys.builtin_module_names)
+    start_time = time()
+    store = False
+    for path in sys.path:
+        try:
+            modules = rootmodules_cache[path]
+        except KeyError:
+            modules = module_list(path)
+            try:
+                modules.remove('__init__')
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+            if path not in ('', '.'): # cwd modules should not be cached
+                rootmodules_cache[path] = modules
+            if time() - start_time > TIMEOUT_STORAGE and not store:
+                store = True
+                print("\nCaching the list of root modules, please wait!")
+                print("(This will only be done once - type '%rehashx' to "
+                      "reset cache!)\n")
+                sys.stdout.flush()
+            if time() - start_time > TIMEOUT_GIVEUP:
+                print("This is taking too long, we give up.\n")
+                return []
+        rootmodules.extend(modules)
+    if store:
+        ip.db['rootmodules_cache'] = rootmodules_cache
+    rootmodules = list(set(rootmodules))
+    return rootmodules
+
+
+def is_importable(module, attr: str, only_modules) -> bool:
+    if only_modules:
+        try:
+            mod = getattr(module, attr)
+        except ModuleNotFoundError:
+            # See gh-14434
+            return False
+        return inspect.ismodule(mod)
+    else:
+        return not(attr[:2] == '__' and attr[-2:] == '__')
+
+def is_possible_submodule(module, attr):
+    try:
+        obj = getattr(module, attr)
+    except AttributeError:
+        # Is possibly an unimported submodule
+        return True
+    except TypeError:
+        # https://github.com/ipython/ipython/issues/9678
+        return False
+    return inspect.ismodule(obj)
+
+
+def try_import(mod: str, only_modules=False) -> List[str]:
+    """
+    Try to import given module and return list of potential completions.
+    """
+    mod = mod.rstrip('.')
+    try:
+        m = import_module(mod)
+    except:
+        return []
+
+    m_is_init = '__init__' in (getattr(m, '__file__', '') or '')
+
+    completions = []
+    if (not hasattr(m, '__file__')) or (not only_modules) or m_is_init:
+        completions.extend( [attr for attr in dir(m) if
+                             is_importable(m, attr, only_modules)])
+
+    m_all = getattr(m, "__all__", [])
+    if only_modules:
+        completions.extend(attr for attr in m_all if is_possible_submodule(m, attr))
+    else:
+        completions.extend(m_all)
+
+    if m_is_init:
+        file_ = m.__file__
+        file_path = os.path.dirname(file_)  # type: ignore
+        if file_path is not None:
+            completions.extend(module_list(file_path))
+    completions_set = {c for c in completions if isinstance(c, str)}
+    completions_set.discard('__init__')
+    return list(completions_set)
+
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Completion-related functions.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def quick_completer(cmd, completions):
+    r""" Easily create a trivial completer for a command.
+
+    Takes either a list of completions, or all completions in string (that will
+    be split on whitespace).
+
+    Example::
+
+        [d:\ipython]|1> import ipy_completers
+        [d:\ipython]|2> ipy_completers.quick_completer('foo', ['bar','baz'])
+        [d:\ipython]|3> foo b<TAB>
+        bar baz
+        [d:\ipython]|3> foo ba
+    """
+
+    if isinstance(completions, str):
+        completions = completions.split()
+
+    def do_complete(self, event):
+        return completions
+
+    get_ipython().set_hook('complete_command',do_complete, str_key = cmd)
+
+def module_completion(line):
+    """
+    Returns a list containing the completion possibilities for an import line.
+
+    The line looks like this :
+    'import xml.d'
+    'from xml.dom import'
+    """
+
+    words = line.split(' ')
+    nwords = len(words)
+
+    # from whatever <tab> -> 'import '
+    if nwords == 3 and words[0] == 'from':
+        return ['import ']
+
+    # 'from xy<tab>' or 'import xy<tab>'
+    if nwords < 3 and (words[0] in {'%aimport', 'import', 'from'}) :
+        if nwords == 1:
+            return get_root_modules()
+        mod = words[1].split('.')
+        if len(mod) < 2:
+            return get_root_modules()
+        completion_list = try_import('.'.join(mod[:-1]), True)
+        return ['.'.join(mod[:-1] + [el]) for el in completion_list]
+
+    # 'from xyz import abc<tab>'
+    if nwords >= 3 and words[0] == 'from':
+        mod = words[1]
+        return try_import(mod)
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Completers
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# These all have the func(self, event) signature to be used as custom
+# completers
+
+def module_completer(self,event):
+    """Give completions after user has typed 'import ...' or 'from ...'"""
+
+    # This works in all versions of python.  While 2.5 has
+    # pkgutil.walk_packages(), that particular routine is fairly dangerous,
+    # since it imports *EVERYTHING* on sys.path.  That is: a) very slow b) full
+    # of possibly problematic side effects.
+    # This search the folders in the sys.path for available modules.
+
+    return module_completion(event.line)
+
+# FIXME: there's a lot of logic common to the run, cd and builtin file
+# completers, that is currently reimplemented in each.
+
+def magic_run_completer(self, event):
+    """Complete files that end in .py or .ipy or .ipynb for the %run command.
+    """
+    comps = arg_split(event.line, strict=False)
+    # relpath should be the current token that we need to complete.
+    if (len(comps) > 1) and (not event.line.endswith(' ')):
+        relpath = comps[-1].strip("'\"")
+    else:
+        relpath = ''
+
+    #print("\nev=", event)  # dbg
+    #print("rp=", relpath)  # dbg
+    #print('comps=', comps)  # dbg
+
+    lglob = glob.glob
+    isdir = os.path.isdir
+    relpath, tilde_expand, tilde_val = expand_user(relpath)
+
+    # Find if the user has already typed the first filename, after which we
+    # should complete on all files, since after the first one other files may
+    # be arguments to the input script.
+
+    if any(magic_run_re.match(c) for c in comps):
+        matches =  [f.replace('\\','/') + ('/' if isdir(f) else '')
+                            for f in lglob(relpath+'*')]
+    else:
+        dirs = [f.replace('\\','/') + "/" for f in lglob(relpath+'*') if isdir(f)]
+        pys =  [f.replace('\\','/')
+                for f in lglob(relpath+'*.py') + lglob(relpath+'*.ipy') +
+                lglob(relpath+'*.ipynb') + lglob(relpath + '*.pyw')]
+
+        matches = dirs + pys
+
+    #print('run comp:', dirs+pys) # dbg
+    return [compress_user(p, tilde_expand, tilde_val) for p in matches]
+
+
+def cd_completer(self, event):
+    """Completer function for cd, which only returns directories."""
+    ip = get_ipython()
+    relpath = event.symbol
+
+    #print(event) # dbg
+    if event.line.endswith('-b') or ' -b ' in event.line:
+        # return only bookmark completions
+        bkms = self.db.get('bookmarks', None)
+        if bkms:
+            return bkms.keys()
+        else:
+            return []
+
+    if event.symbol == '-':
+        width_dh = str(len(str(len(ip.user_ns['_dh']) + 1)))
+        # jump in directory history by number
+        fmt = '-%0' + width_dh +'d [%s]'
+        ents = [ fmt % (i,s) for i,s in enumerate(ip.user_ns['_dh'])]
+        if len(ents) > 1:
+            return ents
+        return []
+
+    if event.symbol.startswith('--'):
+        return ["--" + os.path.basename(d) for d in ip.user_ns['_dh']]
+
+    # Expand ~ in path and normalize directory separators.
+    relpath, tilde_expand, tilde_val = expand_user(relpath)
+    relpath = relpath.replace('\\','/')
+
+    found = []
+    for d in [f.replace('\\','/') + '/' for f in glob.glob(relpath+'*')
+              if os.path.isdir(f)]:
+        if ' ' in d:
+            # we don't want to deal with any of that, complex code
+            # for this is elsewhere
+            raise TryNext
+
+        found.append(d)
+
+    if not found:
+        if os.path.isdir(relpath):
+            return [compress_user(relpath, tilde_expand, tilde_val)]
+
+        # if no completions so far, try bookmarks
+        bks = self.db.get('bookmarks',{})
+        bkmatches = [s for s in bks if s.startswith(event.symbol)]
+        if bkmatches:
+            return bkmatches
+
+        raise TryNext
+
+    return [compress_user(p, tilde_expand, tilde_val) for p in found]
+
+def reset_completer(self, event):
+    "A completer for %reset magic"
+    return '-f -s in out array dhist'.split()

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/lib/python3.12/site-packages/IPython/core/crashhandler.py

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+# encoding: utf-8
+"""sys.excepthook for IPython itself, leaves a detailed report on disk.
+
+Authors:
+
+* Fernando Perez
+* Brian E. Granger
+"""
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Fernando Perez. <fperez@colorado.edu>
+#  Copyright (C) 2008-2011  The IPython Development Team
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
+#  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+import sys
+import traceback
+from pprint import pformat
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from IPython.core import ultratb
+from IPython.core.release import author_email
+from IPython.utils.sysinfo import sys_info
+from IPython.utils.py3compat import input
+
+from IPython.core.release import __version__ as version
+
+from typing import Optional
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Code
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Template for the user message.
+_default_message_template = """\
+Oops, {app_name} crashed. We do our best to make it stable, but...
+
+A crash report was automatically generated with the following information:
+  - A verbatim copy of the crash traceback.
+  - A copy of your input history during this session.
+  - Data on your current {app_name} configuration.
+
+It was left in the file named:
+\t'{crash_report_fname}'
+If you can email this file to the developers, the information in it will help
+them in understanding and correcting the problem.
+
+You can mail it to: {contact_name} at {contact_email}
+with the subject '{app_name} Crash Report'.
+
+If you want to do it now, the following command will work (under Unix):
+mail -s '{app_name} Crash Report' {contact_email} < {crash_report_fname}
+
+In your email, please also include information about:
+- The operating system under which the crash happened: Linux, macOS, Windows,
+  other, and which exact version (for example: Ubuntu 16.04.3, macOS 10.13.2,
+  Windows 10 Pro), and whether it is 32-bit or 64-bit;
+- How {app_name} was installed: using pip or conda, from GitHub, as part of
+  a Docker container, or other, providing more detail if possible;
+- How to reproduce the crash: what exact sequence of instructions can one
+  input to get the same crash? Ideally, find a minimal yet complete sequence
+  of instructions that yields the crash.
+
+To ensure accurate tracking of this issue, please file a report about it at:
+{bug_tracker}
+"""
+
+_lite_message_template = """
+If you suspect this is an IPython {version} bug, please report it at:
+    https://github.com/ipython/ipython/issues
+or send an email to the mailing list at {email}
+
+You can print a more detailed traceback right now with "%tb", or use "%debug"
+to interactively debug it.
+
+Extra-detailed tracebacks for bug-reporting purposes can be enabled via:
+    {config}Application.verbose_crash=True
+"""
+
+
+class CrashHandler(object):
+    """Customizable crash handlers for IPython applications.
+
+    Instances of this class provide a :meth:`__call__` method which can be
+    used as a ``sys.excepthook``.  The :meth:`__call__` signature is::
+
+        def __call__(self, etype, evalue, etb)
+    """
+
+    message_template = _default_message_template
+    section_sep = '\n\n'+'*'*75+'\n\n'
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app,
+        contact_name: Optional[str] = None,
+        contact_email: Optional[str] = None,
+        bug_tracker: Optional[str] = None,
+        show_crash_traceback: bool = True,
+        call_pdb: bool = False,
+    ):
+        """Create a new crash handler
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        app : Application
+            A running :class:`Application` instance, which will be queried at
+            crash time for internal information.
+        contact_name : str
+            A string with the name of the person to contact.
+        contact_email : str
+            A string with the email address of the contact.
+        bug_tracker : str
+            A string with the URL for your project's bug tracker.
+        show_crash_traceback : bool
+            If false, don't print the crash traceback on stderr, only generate
+            the on-disk report
+        call_pdb
+            Whether to call pdb on crash
+
+        Attributes
+        ----------
+        These instances contain some non-argument attributes which allow for
+        further customization of the crash handler's behavior. Please see the
+        source for further details.
+
+        """
+        self.crash_report_fname = "Crash_report_%s.txt" % app.name
+        self.app = app
+        self.call_pdb = call_pdb
+        #self.call_pdb = True # dbg
+        self.show_crash_traceback = show_crash_traceback
+        self.info = dict(app_name = app.name,
+                    contact_name = contact_name,
+                    contact_email = contact_email,
+                    bug_tracker = bug_tracker,
+                    crash_report_fname = self.crash_report_fname)
+
+
+    def __call__(self, etype, evalue, etb):
+        """Handle an exception, call for compatible with sys.excepthook"""
+        
+        # do not allow the crash handler to be called twice without reinstalling it
+        # this prevents unlikely errors in the crash handling from entering an
+        # infinite loop.
+        sys.excepthook = sys.__excepthook__
+        
+        # Report tracebacks shouldn't use color in general (safer for users)
+        color_scheme = 'NoColor'
+
+        # Use this ONLY for developer debugging (keep commented out for release)
+        #color_scheme = 'Linux'   # dbg
+        try:
+            rptdir = self.app.ipython_dir
+        except:
+            rptdir = Path.cwd()
+        if rptdir is None or not Path.is_dir(rptdir):
+            rptdir = Path.cwd()
+        report_name = rptdir / self.crash_report_fname
+        # write the report filename into the instance dict so it can get
+        # properly expanded out in the user message template
+        self.crash_report_fname = report_name
+        self.info['crash_report_fname'] = report_name
+        TBhandler = ultratb.VerboseTB(
+            color_scheme=color_scheme,
+            long_header=1,
+            call_pdb=self.call_pdb,
+        )
+        if self.call_pdb:
+            TBhandler(etype,evalue,etb)
+            return
+        else:
+            traceback = TBhandler.text(etype,evalue,etb,context=31)
+
+        # print traceback to screen
+        if self.show_crash_traceback:
+            print(traceback, file=sys.stderr)
+
+        # and generate a complete report on disk
+        try:
+            report = open(report_name, "w", encoding="utf-8")
+        except:
+            print('Could not create crash report on disk.', file=sys.stderr)
+            return
+
+        with report:
+            # Inform user on stderr of what happened
+            print('\n'+'*'*70+'\n', file=sys.stderr)
+            print(self.message_template.format(**self.info), file=sys.stderr)
+
+            # Construct report on disk
+            report.write(self.make_report(traceback))
+
+        input("Hit <Enter> to quit (your terminal may close):")
+
+    def make_report(self,traceback):
+        """Return a string containing a crash report."""
+
+        sec_sep = self.section_sep
+
+        report = ['*'*75+'\n\n'+'IPython post-mortem report\n\n']
+        rpt_add = report.append
+        rpt_add(sys_info())
+
+        try:
+            config = pformat(self.app.config)
+            rpt_add(sec_sep)
+            rpt_add('Application name: %s\n\n' % self.app_name)
+            rpt_add('Current user configuration structure:\n\n')
+            rpt_add(config)
+        except:
+            pass
+        rpt_add(sec_sep+'Crash traceback:\n\n' + traceback)
+
+        return ''.join(report)
+
+
+def crash_handler_lite(etype, evalue, tb):
+    """a light excepthook, adding a small message to the usual traceback"""
+    traceback.print_exception(etype, evalue, tb)
+    
+    from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
+    if InteractiveShell.initialized():
+        # we are in a Shell environment, give %magic example
+        config = "%config "
+    else:
+        # we are not in a shell, show generic config
+        config = "c."
+    print(_lite_message_template.format(email=author_email, config=config, version=version), file=sys.stderr)
+

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/lib/python3.12/site-packages/IPython/core/display_functions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""Top-level display functions for displaying object in different formats."""
+
+# Copyright (c) IPython Development Team.
+# Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
+
+
+from binascii import b2a_hex
+import os
+import sys
+import warnings
+
+__all__ = ['display', 'clear_output', 'publish_display_data', 'update_display', 'DisplayHandle']
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# utility functions
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _merge(d1, d2):
+    """Like update, but merges sub-dicts instead of clobbering at the top level.
+
+    Updates d1 in-place
+    """
+
+    if not isinstance(d2, dict) or not isinstance(d1, dict):
+        return d2
+    for key, value in d2.items():
+        d1[key] = _merge(d1.get(key), value)
+    return d1
+
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Main functions
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class _Sentinel:
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<deprecated>"
+
+
+_sentinel = _Sentinel()
+
+# use * to indicate transient is keyword-only
+def publish_display_data(
+    data, metadata=None, source=_sentinel, *, transient=None, **kwargs
+):
+    """Publish data and metadata to all frontends.
+
+    See the ``display_data`` message in the messaging documentation for
+    more details about this message type.
+
+    Keys of data and metadata can be any mime-type.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    data : dict
+        A dictionary having keys that are valid MIME types (like
+        'text/plain' or 'image/svg+xml') and values that are the data for
+        that MIME type. The data itself must be a JSON'able data
+        structure. Minimally all data should have the 'text/plain' data,
+        which can be displayed by all frontends. If more than the plain
+        text is given, it is up to the frontend to decide which
+        representation to use.
+    metadata : dict
+        A dictionary for metadata related to the data. This can contain
+        arbitrary key, value pairs that frontends can use to interpret
+        the data. mime-type keys matching those in data can be used
+        to specify metadata about particular representations.
+    source : str, deprecated
+        Unused.
+    transient : dict, keyword-only
+        A dictionary of transient data, such as display_id.
+    """
+    from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
+
+    if source is not _sentinel:
+        warnings.warn(
+            "The `source` parameter emit a  deprecation warning since"
+            " IPython 8.0, it had no effects for a long time and will "
+            " be removed in future versions.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+    display_pub = InteractiveShell.instance().display_pub
+
+    # only pass transient if supplied,
+    # to avoid errors with older ipykernel.
+    # TODO: We could check for ipykernel version and provide a detailed upgrade message.
+    if transient:
+        kwargs['transient'] = transient
+
+    display_pub.publish(
+        data=data,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        **kwargs
+    )
+
+
+def _new_id():
+    """Generate a new random text id with urandom"""
+    return b2a_hex(os.urandom(16)).decode('ascii')
+
+
+def display(
+    *objs,
+    include=None,
+    exclude=None,
+    metadata=None,
+    transient=None,
+    display_id=None,
+    raw=False,
+    clear=False,
+    **kwargs,
+):
+    """Display a Python object in all frontends.
+
+    By default all representations will be computed and sent to the frontends.
+    Frontends can decide which representation is used and how.
+
+    In terminal IPython this will be similar to using :func:`print`, for use in richer
+    frontends see Jupyter notebook examples with rich display logic.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    *objs : object
+        The Python objects to display.
+    raw : bool, optional
+        Are the objects to be displayed already mimetype-keyed dicts of raw display data,
+        or Python objects that need to be formatted before display? [default: False]
+    include : list, tuple or set, optional
+        A list of format type strings (MIME types) to include in the
+        format data dict. If this is set *only* the format types included
+        in this list will be computed.
+    exclude : list, tuple or set, optional
+        A list of format type strings (MIME types) to exclude in the format
+        data dict. If this is set all format types will be computed,
+        except for those included in this argument.
+    metadata : dict, optional
+        A dictionary of metadata to associate with the output.
+        mime-type keys in this dictionary will be associated with the individual
+        representation formats, if they exist.
+    transient : dict, optional
+        A dictionary of transient data to associate with the output.
+        Data in this dict should not be persisted to files (e.g. notebooks).
+    display_id : str, bool optional
+        Set an id for the display.
+        This id can be used for updating this display area later via update_display.
+        If given as `True`, generate a new `display_id`
+    clear : bool, optional
+        Should the output area be cleared before displaying anything? If True,
+        this will wait for additional output before clearing. [default: False]
+    **kwargs : additional keyword-args, optional
+        Additional keyword-arguments are passed through to the display publisher.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    handle: DisplayHandle
+        Returns a handle on updatable displays for use with :func:`update_display`,
+        if `display_id` is given. Returns :any:`None` if no `display_id` is given
+        (default).
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> class Json(object):
+    ...     def __init__(self, json):
+    ...         self.json = json
+    ...     def _repr_pretty_(self, pp, cycle):
+    ...         import json
+    ...         pp.text(json.dumps(self.json, indent=2))
+    ...     def __repr__(self):
+    ...         return str(self.json)
+    ...
+
+    >>> d = Json({1:2, 3: {4:5}})
+
+    >>> print(d)
+    {1: 2, 3: {4: 5}}
+
+    >>> display(d)
+    {
+      "1": 2,
+      "3": {
+        "4": 5
+      }
+    }
+
+    >>> def int_formatter(integer, pp, cycle):
+    ...     pp.text('I'*integer)
+
+    >>> plain = get_ipython().display_formatter.formatters['text/plain']
+    >>> plain.for_type(int, int_formatter)
+    <function _repr_pprint at 0x...>
+    >>> display(7-5)
+    II
+
+    >>> del plain.type_printers[int]
+    >>> display(7-5)
+    2
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    :func:`update_display`
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    In Python, objects can declare their textual representation using the
+    `__repr__` method. IPython expands on this idea and allows objects to declare
+    other, rich representations including:
+
+      - HTML
+      - JSON
+      - PNG
+      - JPEG
+      - SVG
+      - LaTeX
+
+    A single object can declare some or all of these representations; all are
+    handled by IPython's display system.
+
+    The main idea of the first approach is that you have to implement special
+    display methods when you define your class, one for each representation you
+    want to use. Here is a list of the names of the special methods and the
+    values they must return:
+
+      - `_repr_html_`: return raw HTML as a string, or a tuple (see below).
+      - `_repr_json_`: return a JSONable dict, or a tuple (see below).
+      - `_repr_jpeg_`: return raw JPEG data, or a tuple (see below).
+      - `_repr_png_`: return raw PNG data, or a tuple (see below).
+      - `_repr_svg_`: return raw SVG data as a string, or a tuple (see below).
+      - `_repr_latex_`: return LaTeX commands in a string surrounded by "$",
+                        or a tuple (see below).
+      - `_repr_mimebundle_`: return a full mimebundle containing the mapping
+                             from all mimetypes to data.
+                             Use this for any mime-type not listed above.
+
+    The above functions may also return the object's metadata alonside the
+    data.  If the metadata is available, the functions will return a tuple
+    containing the data and metadata, in that order.  If there is no metadata
+    available, then the functions will return the data only.
+
+    When you are directly writing your own classes, you can adapt them for
+    display in IPython by following the above approach. But in practice, you
+    often need to work with existing classes that you can't easily modify.
+
+    You can refer to the documentation on integrating with the display system in
+    order to register custom formatters for already existing types
+    (:ref:`integrating_rich_display`).
+
+    .. versionadded:: 5.4 display available without import
+    .. versionadded:: 6.1 display available without import
+
+    Since IPython 5.4 and 6.1 :func:`display` is automatically made available to
+    the user without import. If you are using display in a document that might
+    be used in a pure python context or with older version of IPython, use the
+    following import at the top of your file::
+
+        from IPython.display import display
+
+    """
+    from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
+
+    if not InteractiveShell.initialized():
+        # Directly print objects.
+        print(*objs)
+        return
+
+    if transient is None:
+        transient = {}
+    if metadata is None:
+        metadata={}
+    if display_id:
+        if display_id is True:
+            display_id = _new_id()
+        transient['display_id'] = display_id
+    if kwargs.get('update') and 'display_id' not in transient:
+        raise TypeError('display_id required for update_display')
+    if transient:
+        kwargs['transient'] = transient
+
+    if not objs and display_id:
+        # if given no objects, but still a request for a display_id,
+        # we assume the user wants to insert an empty output that
+        # can be updated later
+        objs = [{}]
+        raw = True
+
+    if not raw:
+        format = InteractiveShell.instance().display_formatter.format
+
+    if clear:
+        clear_output(wait=True)
+
+    for obj in objs:
+        if raw:
+            publish_display_data(data=obj, metadata=metadata, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            format_dict, md_dict = format(obj, include=include, exclude=exclude)
+            if not format_dict:
+                # nothing to display (e.g. _ipython_display_ took over)
+                continue
+            if metadata:
+                # kwarg-specified metadata gets precedence
+                _merge(md_dict, metadata)
+            publish_display_data(data=format_dict, metadata=md_dict, **kwargs)
+    if display_id:
+        return DisplayHandle(display_id)
+
+
+# use * for keyword-only display_id arg
+def update_display(obj, *, display_id, **kwargs):
+    """Update an existing display by id
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    obj
+        The object with which to update the display
+    display_id : keyword-only
+        The id of the display to update
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    :func:`display`
+    """
+    kwargs['update'] = True
+    display(obj, display_id=display_id, **kwargs)
+
+
+class DisplayHandle(object):
+    """A handle on an updatable display
+
+    Call `.update(obj)` to display a new object.
+
+    Call `.display(obj`) to add a new instance of this display,
+    and update existing instances.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+
+        :func:`display`, :func:`update_display`
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, display_id=None):
+        if display_id is None:
+            display_id = _new_id()
+        self.display_id = display_id
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<%s display_id=%s>" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.display_id)
+
+    def display(self, obj, **kwargs):
+        """Make a new display with my id, updating existing instances.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        obj
+            object to display
+        **kwargs
+            additional keyword arguments passed to display
+        """
+        display(obj, display_id=self.display_id, **kwargs)
+
+    def update(self, obj, **kwargs):
+        """Update existing displays with my id
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        obj
+            object to display
+        **kwargs
+            additional keyword arguments passed to update_display
+        """
+        update_display(obj, display_id=self.display_id, **kwargs)
+
+
+def clear_output(wait=False):
+    """Clear the output of the current cell receiving output.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    wait : bool [default: false]
+        Wait to clear the output until new output is available to replace it."""
+    from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
+    if InteractiveShell.initialized():
+        InteractiveShell.instance().display_pub.clear_output(wait)
+    else:
+        print('\033[2K\r', end='')
+        sys.stdout.flush()
+        print('\033[2K\r', end='')
+        sys.stderr.flush()

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/lib/python3.12/site-packages/IPython/core/display_trap.py

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# encoding: utf-8
+"""
+A context manager for handling sys.displayhook.
+
+Authors:
+
+* Robert Kern
+* Brian Granger
+"""
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (C) 2008-2011  The IPython Development Team
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
+#  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+import sys
+
+from traitlets.config.configurable import Configurable
+from traitlets import Any
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Classes and functions
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class DisplayTrap(Configurable):
+    """Object to manage sys.displayhook.
+
+    This came from IPython.core.kernel.display_hook, but is simplified
+    (no callbacks or formatters) until more of the core is refactored.
+    """
+
+    hook = Any()
+
+    def __init__(self, hook=None):
+        super(DisplayTrap, self).__init__(hook=hook, config=None)
+        self.old_hook = None
+        # We define this to track if a single BuiltinTrap is nested.
+        # Only turn off the trap when the outermost call to __exit__ is made.
+        self._nested_level = 0
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        if self._nested_level == 0:
+            self.set()
+        self._nested_level += 1
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
+        if self._nested_level == 1:
+            self.unset()
+        self._nested_level -= 1
+        # Returning False will cause exceptions to propagate
+        return False
+
+    def set(self):
+        """Set the hook."""
+        if sys.displayhook is not self.hook:
+            self.old_hook = sys.displayhook
+            sys.displayhook = self.hook
+
+    def unset(self):
+        """Unset the hook."""
+        sys.displayhook = self.old_hook
+

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/lib/python3.12/site-packages/IPython/core/displayhook.py

@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""Displayhook for IPython.
+
+This defines a callable class that IPython uses for `sys.displayhook`.
+"""
+
+# Copyright (c) IPython Development Team.
+# Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
+
+import builtins as builtin_mod
+import sys
+import io as _io
+import tokenize
+
+from traitlets.config.configurable import Configurable
+from traitlets import Instance, Float
+from warnings import warn
+
+# TODO: Move the various attributes (cache_size, [others now moved]). Some
+# of these are also attributes of InteractiveShell. They should be on ONE object
+# only and the other objects should ask that one object for their values.
+
+class DisplayHook(Configurable):
+    """The custom IPython displayhook to replace sys.displayhook.
+
+    This class does many things, but the basic idea is that it is a callable
+    that gets called anytime user code returns a value.
+    """
+
+    shell = Instance('IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShellABC',
+                     allow_none=True)
+    exec_result = Instance('IPython.core.interactiveshell.ExecutionResult',
+                           allow_none=True)
+    cull_fraction = Float(0.2)
+
+    def __init__(self, shell=None, cache_size=1000, **kwargs):
+        super(DisplayHook, self).__init__(shell=shell, **kwargs)
+        cache_size_min = 3
+        if cache_size <= 0:
+            self.do_full_cache = 0
+            cache_size = 0
+        elif cache_size < cache_size_min:
+            self.do_full_cache = 0
+            cache_size = 0
+            warn('caching was disabled (min value for cache size is %s).' %
+                 cache_size_min,stacklevel=3)
+        else:
+            self.do_full_cache = 1
+
+        self.cache_size = cache_size
+
+        # we need a reference to the user-level namespace
+        self.shell = shell
+        
+        self._,self.__,self.___ = '','',''
+
+        # these are deliberately global:
+        to_user_ns = {'_':self._,'__':self.__,'___':self.___}
+        self.shell.user_ns.update(to_user_ns)
+
+    @property
+    def prompt_count(self):
+        return self.shell.execution_count
+
+    #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Methods used in __call__. Override these methods to modify the behavior
+    # of the displayhook.
+    #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def check_for_underscore(self):
+        """Check if the user has set the '_' variable by hand."""
+        # If something injected a '_' variable in __builtin__, delete
+        # ipython's automatic one so we don't clobber that.  gettext() in
+        # particular uses _, so we need to stay away from it.
+        if '_' in builtin_mod.__dict__:
+            try:
+                user_value = self.shell.user_ns['_']
+                if user_value is not self._:
+                    return
+                del self.shell.user_ns['_']
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+
+    def quiet(self):
+        """Should we silence the display hook because of ';'?"""
+        # do not print output if input ends in ';'
+        
+        try:
+            cell = self.shell.history_manager.input_hist_parsed[-1]
+        except IndexError:
+            # some uses of ipshellembed may fail here
+            return False
+        
+        return self.semicolon_at_end_of_expression(cell)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def semicolon_at_end_of_expression(expression):
+        """Parse Python expression and detects whether last token is ';'"""
+
+        sio = _io.StringIO(expression)
+        tokens = list(tokenize.generate_tokens(sio.readline))
+
+        for token in reversed(tokens):
+            if token[0] in (tokenize.ENDMARKER, tokenize.NL, tokenize.NEWLINE, tokenize.COMMENT):
+                continue
+            if (token[0] == tokenize.OP) and (token[1] == ';'):
+                return True
+            else:
+                return False
+
+    def start_displayhook(self):
+        """Start the displayhook, initializing resources."""
+        pass
+
+    def write_output_prompt(self):
+        """Write the output prompt.
+
+        The default implementation simply writes the prompt to
+        ``sys.stdout``.
+        """
+        # Use write, not print which adds an extra space.
+        sys.stdout.write(self.shell.separate_out)
+        outprompt = 'Out[{}]: '.format(self.shell.execution_count)
+        if self.do_full_cache:
+            sys.stdout.write(outprompt)
+
+    def compute_format_data(self, result):
+        """Compute format data of the object to be displayed.
+
+        The format data is a generalization of the :func:`repr` of an object.
+        In the default implementation the format data is a :class:`dict` of
+        key value pair where the keys are valid MIME types and the values
+        are JSON'able data structure containing the raw data for that MIME
+        type. It is up to frontends to determine pick a MIME to to use and
+        display that data in an appropriate manner.
+
+        This method only computes the format data for the object and should
+        NOT actually print or write that to a stream.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        result : object
+            The Python object passed to the display hook, whose format will be
+            computed.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        (format_dict, md_dict) : dict
+            format_dict is a :class:`dict` whose keys are valid MIME types and values are
+            JSON'able raw data for that MIME type. It is recommended that
+            all return values of this should always include the "text/plain"
+            MIME type representation of the object.
+            md_dict is a :class:`dict` with the same MIME type keys
+            of metadata associated with each output.
+
+        """
+        return self.shell.display_formatter.format(result)
+
+    # This can be set to True by the write_output_prompt method in a subclass
+    prompt_end_newline = False
+
+    def write_format_data(self, format_dict, md_dict=None) -> None:
+        """Write the format data dict to the frontend.
+
+        This default version of this method simply writes the plain text
+        representation of the object to ``sys.stdout``. Subclasses should
+        override this method to send the entire `format_dict` to the
+        frontends.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        format_dict : dict
+            The format dict for the object passed to `sys.displayhook`.
+        md_dict : dict (optional)
+            The metadata dict to be associated with the display data.
+        """
+        if 'text/plain' not in format_dict:
+            # nothing to do
+            return
+        # We want to print because we want to always make sure we have a
+        # newline, even if all the prompt separators are ''. This is the
+        # standard IPython behavior.
+        result_repr = format_dict['text/plain']
+        if '\n' in result_repr:
+            # So that multi-line strings line up with the left column of
+            # the screen, instead of having the output prompt mess up
+            # their first line.
+            # We use the prompt template instead of the expanded prompt
+            # because the expansion may add ANSI escapes that will interfere
+            # with our ability to determine whether or not we should add
+            # a newline.
+            if not self.prompt_end_newline:
+                # But avoid extraneous empty lines.
+                result_repr = '\n' + result_repr
+
+        try:
+            print(result_repr)
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            # If a character is not supported by the terminal encoding replace
+            # it with its \u or \x representation
+            print(result_repr.encode(sys.stdout.encoding,'backslashreplace').decode(sys.stdout.encoding))
+
+    def update_user_ns(self, result):
+        """Update user_ns with various things like _, __, _1, etc."""
+
+        # Avoid recursive reference when displaying _oh/Out
+        if self.cache_size and result is not self.shell.user_ns['_oh']:
+            if len(self.shell.user_ns['_oh']) >= self.cache_size and self.do_full_cache:
+                self.cull_cache()
+
+            # Don't overwrite '_' and friends if '_' is in __builtin__
+            # (otherwise we cause buggy behavior for things like gettext). and
+            # do not overwrite _, __ or ___ if one of these has been assigned
+            # by the user.
+            update_unders = True
+            for unders in ['_'*i for i in range(1,4)]:
+                if not unders in self.shell.user_ns:
+                    continue
+                if getattr(self, unders) is not self.shell.user_ns.get(unders):
+                    update_unders = False
+
+            self.___ = self.__
+            self.__ = self._
+            self._ = result
+
+            if ('_' not in builtin_mod.__dict__) and (update_unders):
+                self.shell.push({'_':self._,
+                                 '__':self.__,
+                                '___':self.___}, interactive=False)
+
+            # hackish access to top-level  namespace to create _1,_2... dynamically
+            to_main = {}
+            if self.do_full_cache:
+                new_result = '_%s' % self.prompt_count
+                to_main[new_result] = result
+                self.shell.push(to_main, interactive=False)
+                self.shell.user_ns['_oh'][self.prompt_count] = result
+
+    def fill_exec_result(self, result):
+        if self.exec_result is not None:
+            self.exec_result.result = result
+
+    def log_output(self, format_dict):
+        """Log the output."""
+        if 'text/plain' not in format_dict:
+            # nothing to do
+            return
+        if self.shell.logger.log_output:
+            self.shell.logger.log_write(format_dict['text/plain'], 'output')
+        self.shell.history_manager.output_hist_reprs[self.prompt_count] = \
+                                                    format_dict['text/plain']
+
+    def finish_displayhook(self):
+        """Finish up all displayhook activities."""
+        sys.stdout.write(self.shell.separate_out2)
+        sys.stdout.flush()
+
+    def __call__(self, result=None):
+        """Printing with history cache management.
+
+        This is invoked every time the interpreter needs to print, and is
+        activated by setting the variable sys.displayhook to it.
+        """
+        self.check_for_underscore()
+        if result is not None and not self.quiet():
+            self.start_displayhook()
+            self.write_output_prompt()
+            format_dict, md_dict = self.compute_format_data(result)
+            self.update_user_ns(result)
+            self.fill_exec_result(result)
+            if format_dict:
+                self.write_format_data(format_dict, md_dict)
+                self.log_output(format_dict)
+            self.finish_displayhook()
+
+    def cull_cache(self):
+        """Output cache is full, cull the oldest entries"""
+        oh = self.shell.user_ns.get('_oh', {})
+        sz = len(oh)
+        cull_count = max(int(sz * self.cull_fraction), 2)
+        warn('Output cache limit (currently {sz} entries) hit.\n'
+             'Flushing oldest {cull_count} entries.'.format(sz=sz, cull_count=cull_count))
+        
+        for i, n in enumerate(sorted(oh)):
+            if i >= cull_count:
+                break
+            self.shell.user_ns.pop('_%i' % n, None)
+            oh.pop(n, None)
+        
+
+    def flush(self):
+        if not self.do_full_cache:
+            raise ValueError("You shouldn't have reached the cache flush "
+                             "if full caching is not enabled!")
+        # delete auto-generated vars from global namespace
+
+        for n in range(1,self.prompt_count + 1):
+            key = '_'+repr(n)
+            try:
+                del self.shell.user_ns_hidden[key]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            try:
+                del self.shell.user_ns[key]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+        # In some embedded circumstances, the user_ns doesn't have the
+        # '_oh' key set up.
+        oh = self.shell.user_ns.get('_oh', None)
+        if oh is not None:
+            oh.clear()
+
+        # Release our own references to objects:
+        self._, self.__, self.___ = '', '', ''
+
+        if '_' not in builtin_mod.__dict__:
+            self.shell.user_ns.update({'_':self._,'__':self.__,'___':self.___})
+        import gc
+        # TODO: Is this really needed?
+        # IronPython blocks here forever
+        if sys.platform != "cli":
+            gc.collect()
+
+
+class CapturingDisplayHook(object):
+    def __init__(self, shell, outputs=None):
+        self.shell = shell
+        if outputs is None:
+            outputs = []
+        self.outputs = outputs
+
+    def __call__(self, result=None):
+        if result is None:
+            return
+        format_dict, md_dict = self.shell.display_formatter.format(result)
+        self.outputs.append({ 'data': format_dict, 'metadata': md_dict })

fall-2024/math/mat-204/00020/env/lib/python3.12/site-packages/IPython/core/displaypub.py

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+"""An interface for publishing rich data to frontends.
+
+There are two components of the display system:
+
+* Display formatters, which take a Python object and compute the
+  representation of the object in various formats (text, HTML, SVG, etc.).
+* The display publisher that is used to send the representation data to the
+  various frontends.
+
+This module defines the logic display publishing. The display publisher uses
+the ``display_data`` message type that is defined in the IPython messaging
+spec.
+"""
+
+# Copyright (c) IPython Development Team.
+# Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
+
+
+import sys
+
+from traitlets.config.configurable import Configurable
+from traitlets import List
+
+# This used to be defined here - it is imported for backwards compatibility
+from .display_functions import publish_display_data
+
+import typing as t
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Main payload class
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class DisplayPublisher(Configurable):
+    """A traited class that publishes display data to frontends.
+
+    Instances of this class are created by the main IPython object and should
+    be accessed there.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, shell=None, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.shell = shell
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def _validate_data(self, data, metadata=None):
+        """Validate the display data.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        data : dict
+            The formata data dictionary.
+        metadata : dict
+            Any metadata for the data.
+        """
+
+        if not isinstance(data, dict):
+            raise TypeError('data must be a dict, got: %r' % data)
+        if metadata is not None:
+            if not isinstance(metadata, dict):
+                raise TypeError('metadata must be a dict, got: %r' % data)
+
+    # use * to indicate transient, update are keyword-only
+    def publish(self, data, metadata=None, source=None, *, transient=None, update=False, **kwargs) -> None:
+        """Publish data and metadata to all frontends.
+
+        See the ``display_data`` message in the messaging documentation for
+        more details about this message type.
+
+        The following MIME types are currently implemented:
+
+        * text/plain
+        * text/html
+        * text/markdown
+        * text/latex
+        * application/json
+        * application/javascript
+        * image/png
+        * image/jpeg
+        * image/svg+xml
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        data : dict
+            A dictionary having keys that are valid MIME types (like
+            'text/plain' or 'image/svg+xml') and values that are the data for
+            that MIME type. The data itself must be a JSON'able data
+            structure. Minimally all data should have the 'text/plain' data,
+            which can be displayed by all frontends. If more than the plain
+            text is given, it is up to the frontend to decide which
+            representation to use.
+        metadata : dict
+            A dictionary for metadata related to the data. This can contain
+            arbitrary key, value pairs that frontends can use to interpret
+            the data.  Metadata specific to each mime-type can be specified
+            in the metadata dict with the same mime-type keys as
+            the data itself.
+        source : str, deprecated
+            Unused.
+        transient : dict, keyword-only
+            A dictionary for transient data.
+            Data in this dictionary should not be persisted as part of saving this output.
+            Examples include 'display_id'.
+        update : bool, keyword-only, default: False
+            If True, only update existing outputs with the same display_id,
+            rather than creating a new output.
+        """
+
+        handlers: t.Dict = {}
+        if self.shell is not None:
+            handlers = getattr(self.shell, "mime_renderers", {})
+
+        for mime, handler in handlers.items():
+            if mime in data:
+                handler(data[mime], metadata.get(mime, None))
+                return
+
+        if 'text/plain' in data:
+            print(data['text/plain'])
+
+    def clear_output(self, wait=False):
+        """Clear the output of the cell receiving output."""
+        print('\033[2K\r', end='')
+        sys.stdout.flush()
+        print('\033[2K\r', end='')
+        sys.stderr.flush()
+
+
+class CapturingDisplayPublisher(DisplayPublisher):
+    """A DisplayPublisher that stores"""
+
+    outputs: List = List()
+
+    def publish(
+        self, data, metadata=None, source=None, *, transient=None, update=False
+    ):
+        self.outputs.append(
+            {
+                "data": data,
+                "metadata": metadata,
+                "transient": transient,
+                "update": update,
+            }
+        )
+
+    def clear_output(self, wait=False):
+        super(CapturingDisplayPublisher, self).clear_output(wait)
+
+        # empty the list, *do not* reassign a new list
+        self.outputs.clear()